Section: If one stipulates in a sale that if he sells it, the seller has a better right to it for the price, it is related from al-Marwazi on the authority of Ahmad that he said regarding the meaning of the hadith of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "There are no two conditions in one sale." This means it is invalid because he stipulated that he sell it to him and give it to him at the original price, so these are two conditions in one sale that are forbidden. Furthermore, it contradicts the requirement of the contract, because he stipulated that he not sell it to someone else if he gives him its price; this is just as if he stipulated that he not sell it except to so-and-so, or that he not sell it at all. Ismail ibn Sa'id related on his authority: The sale is permissible, based on what was narrated from Ibn Mas'ud, that he said: "I bought a slave girl from my wife, Zaynab al-Thaqafiyya, and I stipulated for her that if I sell her, she is hers for the price at which I bought her. I mentioned this to Umar, and he said: 'Do not approach her while anyone has a condition regarding her.'" Ismail said: I mentioned the hadith to Ahmad, and he said: "The sale is permissible, and 'do not approach her' is because there was one condition in it for the woman." Umar did not say that that sale was invalid, so he interpreted the hadith according to its apparent meaning and acted upon it. Umar and Ibn Mas'ud agreed on its validity, whereas analogy dictates its invalidity. It is possible that Ahmad's statement in the narration of al-Marwazi is interpreted as the invalidity of the condition, and in the narration of Ismail ibn Sa'id as the validity of the sale; thus, the sale is valid and the condition is invalid, just as if he had purchased it with the condition that he not sell it. Ahmad's statement, "Do not approach her," has been narrated similarly regarding someone who stipulates regarding a slave girl that he will not sell her or give her away, or stipulates her loyalty (wala') upon him, and he does not approach her. The sale is valid, and he argued using the hadith of Umar: "Do not approach her while anyone has a claim to her." The judge (al-Qadi) said: This is for dislike (karaha) and not for prohibition. Ibn 'Aqil said: In my view, he was only prevented from intercourse because of the disagreement regarding the contract, given that it becomes invalid due to the invalidity of the condition in some schools of thought. And Allah knows best.
(27) In the original: "the sale". (28) In the manuscripts here and in what follows: "al-Marwazī". A corruption, and it preceded in: 1/6. (29) Its takhrīj has preceded on page 166. (30) In M: "for another". (31) Omitted from: the original. (32) The correct view is that this is from the statement of ʿUmar, may Allāh be pleased with him.
فصل: وإن شَرَطَ فى المَبِيعِ (٢٧) إن هو باعَهُ فالبائِعُ أحَقُّ به بالثَّمَنِ. فرَوَى المَرُّوذِيُّ (٢٨) عنه أنَّه قال: فى مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "لا شَرْطَانِ فى بَيْعٍ" (٢٩). يعنى أنَّه فاسِدٌ؛ لأنَّه شَرَطَ أن يَبِيعَه إيَّاهُ، وأن يُعْطِيَهُ إيَّاهُ بالثَّمَنِ الأَوَّلِ، فهما شَرْطانِ فى بَيْعٍ نُهِىَ عَنْهُما، ولأنَّه يُنافِى مُقْتَضَى العَقْدِ، لأنَّه شَرَطَ أن لا يَبِيعَه [مِن غيرِه] (٣٠) إذا أعْطاهُ ثَمَنَهُ، فهو كما لو شَرَطَ أن لا يَبِيعَهُ إلَّا من فُلانٍ، أو أن لا يَبِيعَهُ أصْلًا، ورَوَى عنه إسماعيلُ بنُ سعيدٍ: البَيْعُ جائِزٌ؛ لما رُوِىَ عن ابن مَسْعُودٍ، أنَّه قال: ابْتَعْتُ من امْرَأَتِى زَيْنَبَ الثَّقَفِيَّةِ جارِيَةً، وشَرَطْتُ لها إن بِعْتُها، فهى لها بالثَّمَنِ الذى ابْتَعْتُها به، فذَكَرْتُ ذلك لِعُمَرَ، فقال: لا تَقْرَبْها ولأحَدٍ فيها شَرْطٌ. [قال إسْماعيلُ] (٣١): فذَكَرْتُ لأحمدَ الحَدِيثَ، فقال: البَيْعُ جَائِزٌ، و"لا تقْرَبْها"؛ لأنَّه كان فيها شَرْطٌ واحِدٌ لِلمرأةِ. ولم يَقُلْ عمرُ فى ذلك البَيْعِ: فاسِدٌ. فحمَلَ الحَدِيثَ على ظاهِرِه، وأخذَ به. وقد اتَّفَقَ عمرُ وابنُ مَسْعُودٍ على صِحَّتِه، والقِياسُ يَقْتَضِى فَسادَهُ. ويحتَمِلُ أن يُحْمَلَ كَلامُ أحْمَدَ فى رِوايَةِ المَرُّوذِيِّ على فَسادِ الشَّرْطِ، وفى رِوايَةِ إسْماعيلَ بنِ سعيدٍ على جَوازِ البَيْعِ، فيكونُ البَيْعُ صَحِيحًا، والشَّرْطُ فاسِدًا، كما لو اشْتَراها بِشَرْطِ أن لا يَبِيعَها. وقولُ أحمدَ (٣٢): "لا تَقْرَبْها". قد رُوِىَ مثلُه فى مَن اشْتَرَطَ فى الأمَةِ أن لا يَبِيعَها ولا يَهَبَها، أو شَرَطَ عليه وَلاءَها، ولا يَقْرَبُها. والبَيْعُ جائِزٌ. واحتجَّ بحَدِيثِ عمرَ: "لا تَقْرَبْها ولأَحَدٍ فيها مَثْنَوِيَّةٌ". قال القاضى: وهذا على الكَرَاهَةِ لا على التَّحْرِيمِ. قال ابنُ عَقِيلٍ: عندى أنَّه إنَّما مُنِعَ من الوَطْءِ؛ لمكان الخِلافِ فى العَقْدِ، لِكَوْنِه يَفْسُدُ بِفَسَادِ الشَّرْطِ فى بعض المَذاهِبِ. واللَّه أعلمُ.
(٢٧) فى الأصل: "البيع".(٢٨) فى النسخ هنا وفيما يأتى: "المروزى". تحريف، وسبق فى: ١/ ٦.(٢٩) تقدَّم تخريجه فى صفحة ١٦٦.(٣٠) فى م: "لغيره".(٣١) سقط من: الأصل.(٣٢) الصحيح أن ذلك من قول عمر رضى اللَّه عنه.