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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 6 · صفحة 19

الترجمة · EN

the capacity of its milling, milking a sheep to know the quantity of its milk, and the like, is not satisfaction with the sale, and his option is not nullified, because this is the very purpose of the option, which is to test the sold item. Abu al-Khattab mentioned a view that the buyer’s disposal does not nullify his option, and that it is only nullified by explicit satisfaction. This is not valid, because this entails authorizing the sale and indicates satisfaction with it; thus, the option is nullified by it, just as with explicit speech. Because explicit speech only nullifies the option due to its indication of satisfaction, that which indicates satisfaction takes its place, like the implied phrasings of divorce, which take the place of its explicit phrasing. If he offers it for sale, sells it in an invalid sale, offers it as collateral, or performs other disposals, or gifts it but the donee does not accept it, his option is nullified because that indicates satisfaction with it. Ahmad said: If he stipulates an option, then sells it before that [period ends] for a profit, the profit belongs to the buyer, because it became binding upon him when he offered it. If the buyer uses the sold item, there are two narrations regarding it: one of them is that his option is not nullified. Abu al-Saqr said: I said to Ahmad: A man bought a slave girl, and he had the option regarding her for two days, so he took her, and she washed his head, rubbed his leg, milled for him, or baked, does he become entitled to her through that? He said: No, not until he reaches the point with her that is not permitted to anyone else. I said: If he combs her, dyes her hair, or trims her, does he become entitled to her through that? He said: His option is nullified, because he has placed his hand upon her. This is because using [an item] is not specific to ownership and is intended for testing the sold item, so it resembles riding an animal to check its gait. Harb narrated from Ahmad that his option is nullified, because it is enjoying the use of the sold item, resembling touching her for pleasure. It is possible to say: that which is intended by the use as a test of the sold item does not nullify the option, like riding an animal to check its gait, and that which is not intended for that purpose nullifies the option, like riding an animal for his own need. If the slave girl kisses the buyer, his option is not nullified, and this is the school of al-Shafi'i.

الحواشي

(3) Omitted from [M]. (4) In [M]: "Explicit expression." (5) From here until the end of his statement: "because it is an enjoyment specific to ownership, so it nullified his option," which follows, is missing from: [The Original]. A scribal error. (6) Yahya ibn Yazdad al-Warraq, the scribe of the Imam; he has a section of fine mas'ala (legal questions). Tabaqat al-Hanabila 1/409.

العربية (المصدر)

قَدْرَ طَحْنِها، وحَلْبُ الشَّاةِ لِيَعْلَمَ قَدْرَ لَبَنِها، ونَحْوُ ذلك، فليس بِرِضًا بِالبَيْعِ، ولا يَبْطُلُ خِيارُه؛ لأنَّ ذلك هو المَقْصودُ بِالخِيارِ، وهو اخْتِبارُ المَبيعِ. وذَكَرَ أبو الخَطَّابِ وَجْهًا فى أنَّ تَصَرُّفَ المُشْتَرِى لا يُبْطِلُ خِيارَهُ، ولا يَبْطُلُ إلَّا (٣) بِالتَّصْرِيحِ بِالرِّضا. ولا يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّ هذا يَتَضَمَّنُ إجازَةَ البَيْعِ، ويَدُلُّ على الرِّضا به، فَبَطَلَ به الخِيارُ كَصَريحِ القَوْلِ. ولأنَّ الصَّرِيحَ (٤) إنَّمَا أبْطَلَ الخِيارَ لِدَلالَتِه على الرِّضا به، فما دَلَّ على الرِّضا به يَقُومُ مَقامَهُ، كَكِنَاياتِ الطَّلاقِ، تَقومُ مَقامَ صَريحِه. وإن عَرَضَه على البَيْعِ، أو باعَهُ بَيْعًا فَاسِدًا، أو عَرَضَه على الرَّهْنِ، أو غيرِه من التَّصَرُّفاتِ، أو وَهَبَهُ، فلم يَقْبَلِ المَوْهُوبُ له، بَطَلَ خِيارُه؛ لأنَّ (٥) ذلك يَدُلُّ على الرِّضا به. قال أحمدُ: إذا اشْتَرَطَ الخِيارَ، فباعَهُ قبلَ ذلك بِرِبْحٍ، فَالرِّبْحُ لِلْمُبْتاعِ؛ لأنَّه وَجَبَ عليه حِينَ عَرَضَهُ. وإن اسْتَخْدَمَ المُشْتَرِى المَبِيعَ، ففيه رِوايَتانِ؛ إحداهما، لا يَبْطُلُ خِيارُه، وقال أبو الصَّقْرِ (٦): قلتُ لأحمدَ: رَجُلٌ اشْتَرَى جارِيَةً، وله الخِيارُ فيها يَوْمَيْن، فَانْطَلَقَ بها، فَغَسَلَتْ رَأْسَه، أو غَمَزَتْ رِجْلَه، أو طَحَنَتْ له، أو خَبَزَتْ، هل يَسْتَوْجِبُها بذلك؟ قال: لا، حتى يَبْلُغَ منها ما لا يَحِلُّ لِغَيْرِهِ. قلتُ: فإن مَشَطَها، أو خَضَبَها، أو حَفَّها، هل يَسْتَوْجِبُها بذلك؟ قال: قد بَطَلَ خِيارُه؛ لأنَّه وَضَع يَدَهُ عليها. وذلك لأنَّ الاسْتِخْدامَ لا يَخْتَصُّ المِلْكَ، ويُرادُ لِتَجْرِبَةِ المَبيعِ، فأشْبَه رُكوبَ الدَّابَّةِ لِيَعْلَمَ سَيْرَها. ونَقَلَ حَرْبٌ، عن أحمدَ، أنَّه يَبْطُل خِيارُه؛ لأنَّه انْتِفَاعٌ بِالمَبيعِ، أشْبَه لَمْسَها لِشَهْوَةٍ. ويُمْكِنُ أن يُقالَ: ما قُصِدَ به من الاسْتِخْدامِ، تَجْرِبَةُ المَبِيع، لا يُبْطِلُ الخِيارَ، كَرُكوبِ الدَّابَّة لِيَعْلَمَ سَيْرَها، وما لا يُقْصَدُ به ذلك يُبْطِلُ الخِيَارَ، كَرُكوبِ الدَّابَّةِ لِحاجَتِه، وإن قَبَّلَتِ الجارِيَةُ المُشْتَرِىَ لم يَبْطُلْ خِيارُهُ، وهذا مذهَبُ الشَّافِعِىِّ. وقال

الحواشي

(٣) سقط من: م.(٤) فى م: "التصريح".(٥) من هنا إلى نهاية قوله: "لأنه استمتاع يختص الملك فأبطل خياره" الآتى، سقط من: الأصل. نقلة نظر.(٦) يحيى بن يزداد الوراق، وراق الإمام، عنده جزء مسائل حسان. طبقات الحنابلة ١/ ٤٠٩.

السابقمجلد 6 · صفحة 19التالي
السابق6·19التالي