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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 6 · صفحة 205فصل

الترجمة · EN

The contract with him is valid, and the option is established for the purchaser. A group of our companions held that the sale is void (fasid), because it is forbidden, and prohibition implies corruption (fasad).

Section: If the seller informs him of its measure and then sells it by that measure, the sale is valid. If he takes possession of it by measuring it, the sale and possession are complete. If he takes possession of it without measuring, it is in the position of one who takes possession of it in bulk. If the sold item remains, he may measure it for him; if it is the amount of his right which he informed him of, he has received his due. If it is more, he returns the excess, and if it is less, he takes the remainder. If it has been destroyed, the word is the word of the one in possession regarding its quantity, along with his oath, regardless of whether the shortage is small or large, because the basis is the absence of possession and the continuation of the right. The purchaser does not have the right to dispose of the entirety before measuring it, because the seller has a claim to it; if it were more, the increase would belong to him. He may not dispose of less than his right without measuring, because that would prevent him from knowing its measure. If he disposes of what he is certain is rightfully his, such as if his right is a qafiz (a specific measure) and he disposes of that, or of less than that, by measure, there are two views. One of them is that he may do so, because he has disposed of his right after taking possession, so it is permitted, just as if it had been measured for him. The second is that it is not permitted, because it is not permitted for him to dispose of the entirety, therefore it is not permitted for him to dispose of a part, as is the case before taking possession. If he takes possession of it by weight, it is as if he took possession of it in bulk. As for informing him of its measure and then selling it to him in bulk, on the condition that it is his for that price, regardless of whether it is more or less, it is not permitted. This is based on what al-Athram narrated with his chain of narration from al-Hakam, who said: Food came to Uthman during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and he said: "Accompany us to Uthman so we may help him with his food." He stood beside it, and Uthman said: "In this sack, there is such-and-such amount, and I bought it for such-and-such price." The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "If you have specified the measure, then weigh/measure it."

الحواشي

(3) Omitted from the original. (4) Al-ghararah: A container made of sackcloth or similar material in which wheat and similar items are placed; its plural is ghara'ir. (5) In the original: "wabta'aha". (6) Its source citation has been previously provided on page 187.

العربية (المصدر)

العَقْدُ معه، ويَثْبُتُ لِلْمُشْتَرِى الخِيَارُ. وذَهَبَ قَوْمٌ من أصْحابِنا إلى أنَّ البَيْعَ فاسِدٌ؛ لأنَّه مَنْهِىٌّ عنه، والنَّهْىُ يَقْتَضِى الفَسادَ.

فصل: وإنْ أخْبَرَه البائِعُ بِكَيْلِه، ثم باعَه بذلك الكَيْلِ، فالبَيْعُ صَحِيحٌ. فإنْ قَبَضَه بِاكْتِيالِه، تَمَّ البَيْعُ والقَبْضُ، وإنْ قَبَضَه بغير كَيْلٍ، كان بمَنْزِلَةِ قَبْضِه جُزافًا. فإنْ كان المَبِيعُ بَاقِيًا، كَالَه عليه، فإنْ كان قَدْرَ حَقِّه الذي أخْبَرَه به، فقد اسْتَوْفاه، وإنْ كان زائِدًا رَدَّ الفَضْلَ، وإنْ كان ناقِصًا أخذَ النَّقْصَ، وإن كان قد تَلِفَ، فالقولُ قولُ القابِضِ فى قَدْرِه مع يَمِينِه، سواءٌ كان النَّقْصُ قَلِيلًا أو كَثِيرًا؛ لأنَّ الأصْلَ عَدَمُ القَبْضِ، وبَقاءُ الحَقِّ، وليس لِلْمُشْتَرِى التَّصَرُّفُ فى الجَمِيعِ قَبل كَيْلِه؛ لأنَّ لِلْبَائِعِ فيه عُلْقَةً، فإنه لو زادَ كانت الزِّيادَةُ له، ولا يَتَصَرَّفُ فى أقَلَّ من حَقِّه، بغير كَيْلٍ؛ لأنَّ ذلك يَمْنَعُه من مَعْرِفَةِ كَيْلِه. وإنْ تَصَرَّفَ فيما يَتَحَقَّقُ أنَّه مُسْتَحَقٌّ له، مثل أنْ يكونَ حَقُّه قَفِيزًا، فتَصَرَّفَ في ذلك، أو فى أقَلَّ منه، بالكَيْلِ، ففيه وَجْهَانِ؛ أحدُهما، له ذلك، لأنَّه تَصَرَّفَ فى حَقِّه بعد قَبْضِه، فجازَ، كما لو كِيلَ له. والثانى، لا يجوزُ؛ لأنَّه لا يجوزُ له التَّصَرُّفُ [في الجَمِيعِ، فلم يَجُزْ له التَّصَرُّفُ] (٣) فى البَعْضِ، كما قبلَ القَبْضِ. وإن قَبَضَهُ بالوَزْنِ، فهو كما لو قَبَضَهُ جُزافًا. فأمَّا إن أعْلَمَهُ بِكَيْلِه، ثم باعَهُ إياه مُجازَفَةً، على أنَّه له بذلك الثَّمَنِ، سواءٌ كان زائِدًا أو ناقِصًا، لم يَجُزْ؛ لِمَا رَوَى الأَثْرَمُ بإسْنادِه، عن الحَكَمِ، قال: قَدِمَ طَعامٌ لِعُثْمانَ على عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، فقال: "اذْهَبُوا بِنَا إلَى عُثْمَانَ، نُعِينُه على طَعَامِهِ". فقَامَ إلى جَنْبةٍ، فقال عُثْمانُ: فى هذِه الْغِرارَةِ (٤) كذا وكذا، وَابْتَعْتُها (٥) بكذا وكذا. فقال رسولُ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "إذا سَمَّيْتَ الْكَيْلَ فَكِلْ" (٦). قال أحمدُ: إذا أخْبَرَهُ البائِعُ أنَّ

الحواشي

(٣) سقط من: الأصل.(٤) الغرارة: وعاء من الخيش ونحوه يوضع فيه القمح ونحوه، جمعها غرائر.(٥) فى الأصل: "وابتعها".(٦) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ١٨٧.

السابقمجلد 6 · صفحة 205التالي
السابق6·205التالي