Dawud, saying: The option is not established by the tasriya of a cow, because the Hadith states: "Do not withhold the milk of camels and sheep." This indicates that anything other than them is otherwise, and because the ruling was established regarding them by the text (nass), and rulings are not established through analogy. Our argument is the general statement: "Whoever buys a musarrah animal has an option for three days." And in the Hadith of Ibn Umar: "Whoever buys a muhaffala (animal whose milk has been collected)." He did not differentiate. Furthermore, it is a tasriya with milk from cattle (bahimat al-an'am), which resembles camels and sheep, and the report regarding them serves as a reminder concerning the tasriya of cows, because their milk is more abundant and of greater benefit. As for their argument that rulings are not established by analogy, this is denied. Moreover, it is established here by way of allusion (tanbih), which is a proof for all.
Section: If one buys two or more musarrah animals in a single contract and then returns them, he must return with each musarrah animal a sa' of dates. This is the opinion of Al-Shafi'i and some of the companions of Malik. Some of them said: A single sa' suffices for all of them, because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whoever buys a musarrah sheep and milks it, if he is satisfied, he keeps it, and if he is displeased, then for its milking there is a sa' of dates." Our argument is the generality of his statement: "Whoever buys a musarrah" and "Whoever buys a muhaffala," which includes the single animal. Also, because what is made as compensation for an item in two separate transactions becomes obligatory when in a single transaction, such as the compensation for a defect (arsh al-ayb). As for the Hadith, the pronoun refers to the singular.
Section: If one buys a musarrah animal that is not among the cattle, such as a slave woman, a female donkey, or a mare, there are two views. One of them is that the option is established for him. This was chosen by Ibn Aqil and is the apparent view of the school of Al-Shafi'i, due to the generality of his statement: "Whoever buys a musarrah" and "Whoever buys a muhaffala." Also, because it is a form of tasriya that causes the price to vary, therefore it establishes an option, like the tasriya of cattle. This is because
(1) Its citation was provided previously on page 215. (2) The citation was provided previously on page 216. (3) See the locations of the citation on page 218. (4) Omitted from the original.
داوُدُ، فقال: لا يَثْبُتُ الخِيارُ بِتَصْرِيَةِ البَقَرَةِ، لأنَّ الحَدِيثَ: "لَا تُصَرُّوا الْإبِلَ والغَنَمَ" (١). فدَلَّ على أنَّ ما عَداهُما بِخِلافِهِما، ولأنَّ الحُكْمَ ثَبَتَ فيهما بالنَّصِّ، والقِيَاسُ لا تَثْبُتُ به الأحْكامُ. ولَنا، عُمُومُ قولِه: "مَن اشْتَرَى مُصَرَّاةً فَهُو بالْخِيَارِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ" (٢). وفي حَدِيثِ ابن عمرَ: "مَن ابْتَاعَ مُحَفَّلَةً" (٢). ولم يُفَصِّلْ، ولأنَّه تَصْرِيَةٌ بِلَبَنٍ من بَهِيمَةِ الأنْعامِ، أشْبَه الإبِلَ والغَنَمَ، والخَبَرُ فيه تَنْبِيهٌ على تَصْرِيَةِ البَقَرِ؛ لأنَّ لَبَنَها أغْزَرُ وأكْثَرُ نَفْعًا. وقولهم: إنَّ الأحْكامَ لا تَثْبُتُ بالقِياسِ. مَمْنُوعٌ. ثم هو هاهُنا ثَبَتَ بِالتَّنبِيهِ، وهو حُجَّةٌ عند الجَمِيعِ.
فصل: إذا اشْتَرَى مُصَرَّاتَيْنِ أو أكْثَرَ في عَقْدٍ واحِدٍ، فرَدَّهُنَّ، رَدَّ مع كلِّ مُصَرَّاةٍ صاعًا. وبهذا قال الشَّافِعِيُّ، وبعضُ أصْحابِ مالِكٍ. وقال بعضُهم: في الجِمِيعِ صاعٌ واحِدٌ، لأنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-قال: "مَن اشْتَرَى غَنَمًا مُصَرَّاةً فاحْتَلَبَها فإنْ رَضِيَها أمْسَكَها، وإنْ سَخِطَهَا ففى حَلْبَتِها صَاعٌ مِنْ تَمْرٍ" (٣). ولنا، عُمُومُ (٤) قوله: "مَن اشْتَرَى مُصَرَّاةً" و "من اشْتَرَى مُحَفَّلَةً". وهذا يَتَناولُ الواحِدَةَ. ولأنَّ ما جُعِلَ عِوَضًا عن الشىءِ في صَفْقَتَيْنِ، وَجَبَ إذا كان في صَفْقَةٍ واحِدَةٍ، كأرْشِ العَيْبِ، وأمَّا الحَدِيثُ فإنَّ الضَّمِيرَ يَعُودُ إلى الواحِدَةِ.
فصل: فإن اشْتَرَى مُصَرَّاةً من غيرِ بَهِيمَةِ الأنْعامِ، كالأمَةِ والأتانِ والفَرَسِ، ففيه وَجْهانِ، أحدُهما، يَثْبُتُ له الخِيارُ، اخْتارَه ابنُ عَقِيلٍ، وهو ظاهِرُ مذهبِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، لِعُمُومِ قولِه: "مَن اشْتَرَى مُصَرَّاةً " و "من اشْتَرَى مُحَفَّلَةً". ولأنَّه تَصْرِيَةٌ بما يَخْتَلِفُ الثَّمَنُ به، فأثْبَتَ الخِيارَ، كَتَصْرِيَةِ بَهِيمَةِ الأنْعامِ، وذلك أنَّ
(١) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ٢١٥.(٢) تقدم التخريج في صفحة ٢١٦.(٣) انظر مواضع التخريج في صفحة ٢١٨(٤) سقط من الأصل.