Al-Tirmidhi said (14): This is a sound (sahih) hadith. This is from the buyer's liability, so his yield must belong to him. Furthermore, since ownership is transferred by the sale (15), as we have mentioned, its growth must belong to him, just as it does after the expiration of the option period. It is possible to derive that the separate growth belongs to the seller if they rescind the contract, based on the report in which we said: ownership is not transferred. As for connected growth, it is secondary to the sold item, whether they execute the contract or rescind it, just as it follows it in the case of return due to defect or mutual rescission (muqayala).
Section: The liability for the sold item lies with the buyer once he takes possession of it, provided it is not measured by volume or weight. If it perishes, diminishes, or a defect occurs in it during the option period, it is his responsibility because it is his property, its yield is his, and thus it is his liability, just as it is after the expiration of the option period, and its maintenance is upon him. If it is a slave and the new moon of Shawwal appears, his Zakat al-Fitr is upon him for that reason. If he buys a pregnant animal, and it gives birth while in his possession during the option period, then he returns it to the seller, he is obligated to return its offspring; for it is a sold item in which a connected increase has occurred, so he is obligated to return it with its increase, just as if he had bought two slaves and one of them grew fat while in his possession. Al-Shafi'i said in one of his two opinions: He does not return the offspring; for the fetus has no legal status, as it is a part connected to the mother, so it does not take a portion of the price, like her limbs. Our evidence is that everything upon which the price is distributed when it is separate is also distributed upon it when it is connected, like milk. What they argued is invalidated by an undivided share, such as a third or a quarter, and the legal principle in the root is disputed. Furthermore, the fetus is distinct from the limbs because it will eventually be separated, it is benefited from when separate, it is valid to emancipate it individually, or bequeath it to or from it, it inherits if it is among those eligible for inheritance, it is assigned a specific blood money (diya) payment, and its heirs inherit it. Their statement that the fetus has no legal status is invalid due to these rulings and others that we have mentioned elsewhere.
(14) Found in: Chapter on what is mentioned regarding someone who buys a slave and gains yield from him, then finds a defect in him, from the chapters on sales. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 5/285, 286. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on someone who buys a slave and uses him, then finds a defect in him, from the Book of Sales. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/254, 255. And al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on 'The yield is in return for the liability,' from the Book of Sales. Al-Mujtaba 7/223. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on 'The yield is in return for the liability,' from the Book of Commerce. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/754. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 6/49, 208, 237. (15) In [M]: "by the sold item". (16) Omitted from the original (al-Asl). (17) In the original: "or not".
قال التِّرْمِذِىُّ (١٤): هذا حَديثٌ صَحِيحٌ. وهذا من ضَمانِ المُشْتَرِى، فيَجِبُ أن يَكُونَ خَراجُه له. ولأنَّ المِلْكَ يَنْتَقِلُ بالبَيْع (١٥) على ما ذَكَرْنا، فَيَجِبُ أن يَكونَ نَماؤُهُ له، كما (١٦) بعد انْقِضاءِ الخِيارِ. ويَتَخَرَّجُ أن يَكونَ النَّماءُ المُنْفَصِلُ للبائِعِ إذا فَسَخا العَقْدَ، بِنَاءً على الرِّوايَةِ التى قُلْنَا: إنَّ المِلْكَ لا يَنْتَقِلُ. فأمَّا النَّماءُ المُتَّصِلُ فهو تابعٌ للمَبيعِ، أمْضَيا العَقْدَ، أو فَسَخاهُ، كما يَتْبَعُه فى الرَّدِّ بِالعَيْبِ والمُقايَلَةِ.
فصل: وضَمانُ المَبيعِ على المُشْتَرِى إذا قَبَضَهُ، ولم (١٧) يَكُنْ مَكيلًا، ولا مَوْزُونًا. فإن تَلِفَ، أو نَقَصَ، أو حَدَثَ به عَيْبٌ فى مُدَّةِ الخِيارِ، فهو من ضَمانِه؛ لأنَّه مِلْكُه، وغَلَّتُه له، فكَانَ من ضَمانِه، كما بعد انْقِضاءِ الخِيارِ، ومُؤْنَتُه عليه. وإن كان عَبْدًا، فَهَلَّ هِلالُ شَوَّالٍ، فَفِطْرَتُه عليه لِذَلِكَ. فإن اشْتَرَى حامِلًا، فوَلَدَتْ عنده فى مُدَّةِ الخِيارِ، ثم رَدَّها على البائِعِ، لَزِمَهُ رَدُّ وَلَدِها؛ لأنَّه مَبيعٌ حَدَثَتْ فيه زِيَادَةٌ مُتَّصِلَةٌ، فَلَزِمَه رَدُّهُ بِزِيادَتِه، كما لو اشْتَرَى عَبْدَيْنِ، فَسَمِنَ أحَدُهُما عندَه. وقال الشَّافِعِىُّ فى أحَدِ قَوْلَيْه: لا يَرُدُّ الوَلَدَ؛ لأنَّ الحَمْلَ لا حُكْمَ له؛ لأنَّه جُزْءٌ مُتَّصِلٌ بِالأُمِّ، فلم يَأْخُذْ قِسْطًا من الثَّمَنِ، كأطْرافِها. ولنا، أنَّ كُلَّ ما يُقَسَّطُ عليه الثَّمَنُ إذا كان مُنْفَصِلًا، يُقَسَّطُ عليه إذا كان مُتَّصِلًا، كاللَّبَنِ. وما قالوه يَبْطُلُ بِالجُزْءِ المُشاعِ، كَالثُّلُثِ، والرُّبُعِ، والحُكْمُ فى الأصْلِ مَمْنُوعٌ، ثم يُفارِقُ الحَمْلُ الأطْرَافَ؛ لأنَّه يَؤُولُ إلى الانْفِصالِ، ويُنْتَفَعُ به مُنْفَصِلًا، ويَصِحُّ إفْرادُه بِالعِتْقِ،
(١٤) فى: باب ما جاء فى من يشترى العبد فيستغله ثم يجد به عيبا، من أبواب البيوع. عارضة الأحوذى ٥/ ٢٨٥، ٢٨٦.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى من اشترى عبدا فاستعمله ثم وجد به عيبا، من كتاب البيوع. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٢٥٤، ٢٥٥. والنسائى، فى: باب الخراج بالضمان، من كتاب البيوع. المجتبى ٧/ ٢٢٣. وابن ماجه، فى: باب الخراج بالضمان، من كتاب التجارات. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٥٤. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ٤٩، ٢٠٨، ٢٣٧.(١٥) فى م: "بالمبيع".(١٦) سقط من: الأصل.(١٧) فى الأصل: "أو لم".