along with one of these semblances, so how [much more so] if they are combined! Moreover, it is possible that the rescission occurs by touching before the actual intercourse, so the ownership would have returned to him before he had intercourse. For this reason, Ahmad said regarding the buyer that she has become binding upon him the moment he laid his hand upon her, in cases where he combed her, dyed her, or groomed her; so by laying his hand upon her for the purpose of intercourse and touching her private part with his, it is more fitting. According to this, his child from her is free, his lineage is attributed to him, he is not liable for the child's value, he does not owe a dower, and the slave becomes an Umm Walad for him. Our companions said: If he knew of the prohibition, the child is a slave, and his lineage is not attributed to him. If he did not know, the lineage is attributed to him, the child is free, he is liable for the child's value on the day of birth, he owes a dower, and the slave does not become an Umm Walad for him, because he had intercourse with her while she was not in his ownership.
Section: There is no harm in paying the price and taking possession of the sold item during the option period. This is the view of Abu Hanifa and al-Shafi'i, while Malik disapproved of it. He said: Because it is in the meaning of a sale and a loan; if he pays him the price and then they rescind the sale, it becomes as if he had loaned it to him. We hold that this is one of the rulings of the sale, so it is permitted during the option period, like leasing. What he mentioned is not correct because we do not permit him to dispose of it.
Section: Al-Khiraqi's statement: "Or he dies." The manifest meaning is that he referred to the slave, returning the pronoun to him, which is in the same meaning as his statement "or the merchandise was destroyed." It is possible that he returned the pronoun to the buyer and meant that if the buyer dies, the option is voided; because the death of the slave has already been covered by his statement "or the merchandise was destroyed." The ruling on the death of the seller and the buyer is the same. The established school [madhhab] is that the option of the one who dies from among them is voided upon his death, and the option of the other remains as it was, unless the deceased had demanded the rescission before his death, in which case it belongs to his heirs. This is the view of al-Thawri and Abu Hanifa. It is also deduced that the option is not voided and transfers to his heirs, because it is a financial right, so it transfers to the heir like a deferred payment or the option to return for a defect. Furthermore, it is a right to rescind the sale, so it transfers to the heir like the [option of] return for a defect.
(31) In [M]: "lam nujiz" (we do not permit). (32) Omitted from: the original.
مع واحِدَةٍ من هذه الشُّبُهَاتِ، فكيف إذا اجْتَمَعَتْ! مع أنه يحتَمِلُ أنْ يَحْصُلَ الفَسْخُ بالمُلامَسَةِ قبل الوَطْءِ، فيَكُونُ المِلْكُ قد رَجَعَ إليه قبل وَطْئِه، ولهذا قال أحْمَدُ فى المُشْتَرِى: إنَّها قد وَجَبَتْ عليه حين وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عليها. فيما إذا مَشَطَها، أو خَضَبَها، أو حَفَّها، فَبِوَضْع يَدِه عليها لِلْجِماعِ ولَمْسِ فَرْجِها بِفَرْجِه أولَى. فعلى هذا يِكُونُ وَلَدُه منها حُرًّا، ونَسَبُه لاحِقٌ به، ولا يَلْزَمُه قِيمَتُه، ولا مَهْرَ عليه، وتَصِيرُ الأمَةُ أُمَّ وَلَدِهِ. وقال أصْحابُنا: إن عَلِمَ التَّحْرِيمَ فوَلَدُه رَقِيقٌ، ولا يَلْحَقُه نَسَبُهُ. فإن لم يَعْلَمْ لَحِقَهُ النَّسَبُ، وَوَلَدُهُ حُرٌّ، وعليه قِيمَتُه يومَ الوِلادَةِ، وعليه المَهْرُ، ولا تَصِيرُ الأمَةُ أُمَّ وَلَدهِ، لأنَّه وَطِئَها فى غيرِ مِلْكهِ.
فصل: ولا بَأْسَ بِنَقْدِ الثَّمَنِ وَقبْضِ المَبِيعِ فى مُدَّةِ الخِيارِ. وهو قولُ أبِى حنيفةَ، والشَّافِعِىِّ، وكَرِهَهُ مَالِكٌ. قال: لأنَّه فى مَعْنَى بَيْعٍ وسَلَفٍ إذا أقْبَضَهُ الثَّمَنَ ثم تَفاسَخا البَيْعَ، صار كأنه أقْرَضَهُ إيَّاهُ. ولنا، أنَّ هذا حُكْمٌ من أحْكامِ البَيْعِ، فجازَ فى مُدَّةِ الخِيارِ، كالإِجارَةِ، وما ذَكَرَهُ لا يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّنَا [لا نُجِيزُ] (٣١) له التَّصَرُّفَ فيه.
فصل: قَوْلُ الخِرَقِىِّ: "أو مَاتَ" الظَّاهِرُ أنَّه أرادَ العَبْدَ، ورَدَّ الضَّمِيرَ إليه، وهو في معنَى قوله: "أو تَلِفَتِ السِّلْعَةُ". ويَحتَمِلُ أنَّه رَدَّ الضَّمِيرَ إلى المُشْتَرِى، وأرادَ إذا ماتَ المُشْتَرِى بَطَلَ الخِيارُ؛ لأنَّ مَوْتَ العبدِ قد تَناوَلَهُ بِقَوْلِه: "أو تَلِفَتِ السِّلْعَةُ". والحُكْمُ فى مَوْتِ البائِعِ والمُشْتَرِى واحِدٌ. والمذهبُ أنَّ خِيارَ المَيِّتِ منهما يَبْطُلُ بِمَوْتِه، ويَبْقَى خِيارُ الآخَرِ بحالِه، إلَّا أن يَكُونَ المَيِّتُ قد طالَبَ بِالفَسْخِ قبل مَوْتِه فيه (٣٢)، فيَكُونُ لِوَرَثَتِه. وهو قَوْلُ الثَّوْرِىِّ، وأبِى حنيفةَ. ويَتَخَرَّجُ أنَّ الخِيارَ لا يَبْطُلُ، ويَنْتَقِلُ إلى وَرَثَتِه؛ لأنَّه حَقٌّ مالِىٌّ، فَيَنْتَقِلُ إلى الوارِثِ، كالأجَلِ وخِيارِ الرَّدِّ بِالْعَيْبِ، ولأنَّه حَقُّ فَسْخٍ لِلْبَيْعِ، فَيَنْتَقِلُ إلى الوارِثِ، كالرَّدِّ بِالعَيْبِ،
(٣١) فى: م "لم نجز".(٣٢) سقط من: الأصل.