ShamelaTranslate
بحث
تسجيل الدخول
ShamelaTranslate

© 2026 ShamelaTranslate. مشروع علمي مفتوح الوصول.

حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 6 · صفحة 325

الترجمة · EN

And if he profits from it, or takes anything from its earnings, it belongs to him. And if the sold item dies, the seller may return to the buyer for what the condition of manumission decreased its value; so it is said: How much is its value if sold absolutely? And how much is it worth if sold with the condition of manumission? Thus, he returns [a portion] of its price, according to one of the two views. In the other, he is liable for what was decreased from its value. The second type is that he stipulates other than manumission, such as stipulating that he shall not sell it, nor gift it, nor manumit it, nor have intercourse with it, or he stipulates to him that he must sell it, or dedicate it as a waqf, or that whenever the sold item is consumed it must be returned, or that if a usurper usurps it he may return to him for the price, [or if] he manumits it the wala' (patronage) belongs to him. These and what resembles them are corrupt conditions. Does the sale become corrupt by them? There are two narrations. The Qadi said: The text reported from Ahmad is that the sale is valid, which is the apparent meaning of the words of al-Khiraqi here. It is also the opinion of al-Hasan, al-Sha'bi, al-Nakha'i, al-Hakam, Ibn Abi Layla, and Abu Thawr. The second [narration] is that the sale is corrupt, which is the opinion of Abu Hanifah and al-Shafi'i; because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade a sale accompanied by a condition. And because it is a corrupt condition, so it corrupts the sale, just as if he had stipulated another contract within it. And because if the condition is corrupt, it is necessary to return what the condition decreased from the price, and that is unknown, so the price becomes unknown. And because the seller was only pleased with the removal of his ownership of the sold item upon his condition, and the buyer is likewise if the condition is for him; so if the sale were valid without it, his ownership would cease without his consent, and part of the condition of a sale is mutual consent. As for our evidence, it is what Aishah narrated: She said: Barirah came to me and said: I have entered into a mukatabah (manumission contract) with my family for nine awaq (ounces of silver), one uqiyah every year, so help me. I said: If your family likes that I pay it to them all at once, and that your wala' belongs to me, I will do it. Barirah went to her family and told them, but they refused, so she came from them while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was sitting, and she said: I offered it to them, but they refused, unless the wala' remains for them.

الحواشي

(13) In the original, there is an addition after this: "bima". (14) In M: "wa in". (15) Dropped from: M. (16) In M: "madhhab". (17) Its documentation was mentioned previously on page 165, 166. (18) In M: "fasid".

العربية (المصدر)

وإن اسْتَغَلَّه، أو أخَذَ مِن كَسْبِه شَيْئًا، فهو له. وإنْ ماتَ المَبِيعُ، رَجَعَ البائِعُ على المشْتَرِى بما نَقَصَه شَرْطُ العِتْقِ، فيُقالُ: كم قِيمَتُه لو بِيعَ مُطْلَقًا؟ وكم يُساوِى إذا بِيعَ بشَرْطِ العِتْقِ؛ فيَرْجِعُ (١٣) بِقِسْطِ ذلك مِن ثَمَنِه، فى أحَدِ الوَجْهَيْنِ، وفى الآخَرِ يَضْمَنُ ما نَقَصَ مِن قِيمَتِه. الضَّرْبُ الثّانِى، أنْ يَشْتَرِطَ غيرَ العِتْقِ؛ مِثْلُ أنْ يَشْتَرِطَ أنْ لا يَبِيعَ، ولا يَهَبَ، ولا يَعْتِقَ، ولا يَطَأَ. أو يَشْتَرِطَ عليه أنْ يَبيعَه، أو يَقِفَه، أو متى نَفَقَ المَبِيعُ وإلَّا رَدَّه، أو إنْ غَصَبَه غاصِبٌ رَجَعَ عليه بالثَّمَنِ، [أو إنْ] (١٤) أعْتَقَه فالوَلاءُ له. فهذه وما أشْبَهَها شُرُوطٌ فاسِدَةٌ. وهل يَفْسُدُ بها البَيْعُ؟ على رِوايَتَيْنِ، قال القاضى: المَنْصُوصُ عن أحمدَ أنَّ البَيْعَ صَحِيحٌ. وهو ظاهِرُ كلامِ الخِرَقِيِّ هاهُنا. وهو قولُ الحَسَنِ، والشَّعْبِيِّ، والنَّخَعِيِّ، والحَكَمِ (١٥)، وابن أبي لَيْلَى، وأبي ثَوْرٍ. والثَّانيةُ، البَيْعُ فاسِدٌ. وهو قَوْلُ (١٦) أبي حنيفةَ، والشّافِعِيِّ؛ لأنّ النَّبِيَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- نَهَى عن بَيْعٍ وشَرْطٍ (١٧). ولأنَّه شَرْطٌ فاسِدٌ، فأفْسَدَ (١٨) البَيْعَ، كما لو شَرَطَ فيه عَقْدًا آخَرَ. ولأنَّ الشَّرْطَ إذا فَسَدَ، وَجَبَ الرُّجُوعُ بما نَقَصَه الشَّرْطُ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ، وذلك مَجْهُولٌ، فيَصِيرُ الثَّمَنُ مَجْهُولًا. ولأنَّ البائِعَ إنَّما رَضِىَ بِزَوالِ مِلْكِه عن المَبِيعِ بشَرْطِه، والمُشْتَرِى كذلك إذا كان الشَّرْطُ له، فلو صَحَّ البَيْعُ بدُونِه، لَزالَ مِلْكُه بغيرِ رِضاه، والبَيْعُ مِن شَرْطِه التَّراضِى. ولَنا، ما رَوَتْ عائِشَةُ، قالت: جاءَتْنِى بَرِيرَةُ، فقالت: كاتَبْتُ أهلى على تِسْعِ أواقٍ، فى كُلِّ عامٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ، فأعِينِينى. فقلتُ: إنْ أحَبَّ أهْلُكِ أنْ أعُدَّها لهم عَدَّةً واحِدَةً، ويَكُونَ لى وَلاؤُكِ فَعَلْتُ. فذَهَبَتْ بَرِيرَةُ إلى أهْلِها، فقالتْ لهم، فأبَوْا عليها، فجاءَتْ مِن عِنْدِهم، ورسولُ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- جالِسٌ، فقالتْ: إنِّى عَرَضْتُ عليهم، فأَبَوْا، إلَّا أنْ يَكُونَ الوَلاءُ

الحواشي

(١٣) فى الأصل بعد هذا زيادة: "بما".(١٤) فى م: "وإن".(١٥) سقط من: م.(١٦) فى م: "مذهب".(١٧) تقدَّم تخريجه فى صفحة ١٦٥، ١٦٦.(١٨) فى م: "فاسد".

السابقمجلد 6 · صفحة 325التالي
السابق6·325التالي