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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 6 · صفحة 32

الترجمة · EN

And because he sold what he has not seen and which has not been described to him, it is invalid, like the sale of date stones within dates. And because it is a type of sale, it is not valid while ignorant of the characteristics of the sold object, like a salam (advance payment) contract, and the [aforementioned] verse is restricted by the principle we mentioned. As for the hadith of Uthman and Talha, it is possible that they traded based on description. Furthermore, it is the statement of a Companion, and there is disagreement regarding its status as a proof, and it cannot be used to oppose the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Marriage is not intended for exchange, it is not corrupted by the corruption of the compensation, its mention is not abandoned, and it is not subject to any of the options [khiyar]. There is also hardship and harm to secluded women in the condition of inspection. Moreover, the characteristics known through inspection are not what is intended in marriage, so ignorance of them is not harmful, unlike the case in a sale. If it is said: It has been narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said: "Whoever buys what he has not seen has the option when he sees it." And the option is only established in a valid contract. We say: This is narrated by Umar ibn Ibrahim al-Kurdi, and he is a narrator whose hadith is abandoned. It is also possible that [the meaning] is that he has the option between concluding the contract upon it or abandoning it. Once this is established, it is required to inspect what is intended by the sale, such as the inside of a garment, the hair of a slave girl, and the like. If he sells a folded garment or an object present [at the scene] where that which determines the price is not visible, it is like the sale of an absent object. If we rule that it is valid, the buyer has the option upon inspecting the sold object to either rescind or execute the sale, and it must be exercised immediately. If he chooses to rescind, he may do so, and if he does not rescind, the contract becomes binding, because the option is the option of inspection, so it must be exercised at the time of inspection. It is said: It is restricted to the session in which the inspection occurred, because it is an option established by the requirement of the contract without an explicit condition, so it is restricted to the session, like the option of the session [khiyar al-majlis]. If he chooses to rescind before inspection, it is rescinded because the contract is not binding in his regard, so he possesses the right of rescission, as in the state of inspection. If he chooses to execute the contract, it does not become binding;

الحواشي

(10) In [Manuscript] M: "sees it". (11) In the original: "with the sale of". (12) Recorded by al-Bayhaqi, in: The chapter on one who says the sale of an absent object is permissible, from the Book of Sales. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 5/268. And al-Daraqutni, in: The Book of Sales. Sunan al-Daraqutni 3/4. (13) See: Mizan al-I'tidal 3/179.

العربية (المصدر)

ولأنَّه باعَ ما لم يَرَهُ (١٠) ولم يُوصَفْ له، فلم يَصِحَّ، كبيعِ النَّوَى فى التَّمْرِ، ولأنَّه نَوْعُ بَيْعٍ فلم يَصِحَّ مع (١١) الجَهْلِ بِصِفَةِ المَبِيعِ، كالسَّلَمِ، والآيَةُ مَخْصُوصَةٌ بِالأصْلِ الذى ذَكَرْناهُ. وأمَّا حَدِيثُ عُثْمانَ وطَلْحَةَ، فَيَحْتَمِلُ أنَّهما تَبايَعا بِالصِّفَةِ، على أنَّه قَوْلُ صَحابِىٍّ، وفى كَوْنِه حُجَّةً خِلَافٌ، ولا يُعارَضُ به حَدِيثُ رسولِ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، والنِّكَاحُ لا يُقْصَدُ منه المُعاوَضَةُ، ولا يَفْسُدُ بفَسادِ العِوَضِ، ولا يُتْرَكُ ذِكْرُهُ، ولا يَدْخُلُه شَىْءٌ من الخِياراتِ. وفى اشْتِراطِ الرُّؤْيَةِ مَشَقَّةٌ على المُخَدَّراتِ وإضْرَارٌ بِهِنَّ. على أن الصِّفاتِ التى تُعْلَمُ بِالرُّؤْيَةِ ليستْ هى المَقْصُودَةَ بالنِّكاحِ، فلا يَضُرُّ الجَهْلُ بها بِخلافِ البَيْعِ. فإن قِيلَ: فقد رُوِىَ عن النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- أنَّه قال: "مَنِ اشْتَرَى مَا لَمْ يَرَهُ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إذَا رَآهُ" (١٢). والخِيارُ لا يَثْبُتُ إلَّا فى عَقْدٍ صَحِيحٍ. قلنا: هذا يَرْوِيهِ عمرُ بنُ إبْراهيمَ الكُرْدِىُّ، وهو مَتْرُوكُ الحديثِ (١٣). ويَحْتَمِلُ أنَّه بِالخِيارِ بين العَقْدِ عليه وتَرْكِهِ. إذا ثَبَتَ هذا، فإنه يُشْتَرَطُ رُؤْيَةُ ما هو مَقْصُودٌ بِالْبَيْعِ، كَداخِلِ الثَّوْبِ، وشَعْرِ الجارِيَةِ، ونَحْوِهما. فلو باعَ ثَوْبًا مَطْوِيًّا، أو عَيْنًا حَاضِرَةً، لا يُشاهَدُ منها ما يَخْتَلِفُ الثَّمَنُ لأجْلِه، كان كبَيْعِ الغائِبِ. وإن حَكَمْنا بِالصِّحَّةِ، فِللْمُشْتَرِى الخِيارُ عند رُؤْيَةِ المَبِيعِ فى الفَسْخِ والإِمْضاءِ، ويَكُونُ على الفَوْرِ، فإنِ اخْتارَ الفَسْخَ فله ذلك، وإن لم يَفْسَخْ لَزِمَ العَقْدُ؛ لأَنَّ الخِيارَ خِيارُ الرُّؤيَةِ، فوَجَبَ أن يَكُونَ عندَها. وقِيلَ: يَتَقَيَّدُ بِالمَجْلِسِ الذى وُجِدَتِ الرُّؤْيَةُ فيه؛ لأنَّه خِيارٌ ثَبَت بِمُقْتَضَى العَقْدِ من غيرِ شَرْطٍ، فَتقَيَّدَ بِالمَجْلِسِ كخِيارِ المَجْلِسِ. وإنِ اخْتارَ الفَسْخَ قبل الرُّؤْيَةِ انْفَسَخَ؛ لأنَّ العَقْدَ غيرُ لازِمٍ فى حَقِّهِ، فَمَلَكَ الفَسْخَ، كحالَةِ الرُّؤْيَةِ. وإن اخْتَارَ إمْضَاءَ العَقْدِ، لم يَلْزمْ؛

الحواشي

(١٠) فى م: "ير".(١١) فى الأصل: "مع بيع".(١٢) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب من قال يجوز بيع العين الغائبة، من كتاب البيوع. السنن الكبرى ٥/ ٢٦٨. والدارقطنى، فى: كتاب البيوع. سنن الدارقطنى ٣/ ٤.(١٣) وانظر: ميزان الاعتدال ٣/ ١٧٩.

السابقمجلد 6 · صفحة 32التالي
السابق6·32التالي