It is narrated from Umar, Aisha, and Al-Dahhak. We know of no one who disapproved of it, except for what is narrated from Al-Hasan, and perhaps he intended to avoid the risk involved with it. Moreover, keeping it stored is safer for it. The view held by the majority is worthier, due to what Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-Aas narrated, that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whoever is the guardian of an orphan who has property, let him trade with it and not leave it until the Zakat consumes it." This is also narrated from Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, and it is more authentic than the marfu' (prophetic) report. Furthermore, this is more beneficial for the ward, so that his sustenance comes from the surplus and profit of his wealth, just as adults do with their own wealth and the wealth of those they cherish among their children, except that he should only trade in safe places, should only entrust it to a trustworthy person, and should not expose his property to peril. It is narrated from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, that she invested the property of Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr in the sea. It is possible that it was in a safe place near the shore, and it is possible that she made its liability her own; if it were lost, she would compensate for it. Whenever he trades with the property himself, the entire profit belongs to the orphan. Al-Hasan ibn Salih and Ishaq permitted the guardian to take the mudaraba for himself, because it is permissible for him to give it to someone else for that purpose, so it is permissible for him to take it for himself. The correct view is what we have stated, because the profit is the growth of the orphan's property, so no one else is entitled to it except through a contract, and the guardian is not permitted to contract a mudaraba with himself. As for handing it over to someone else, the manager receives what the guardian has designated for him and agreed upon with him, meaning they both agreed upon it, because the guardian is a deputy for the orphan in matters that contain his interest, and this contains his interest, so his action regarding it becomes like the action of an owner regarding his own property.
(2) Abu al-Qasim al-Dahhak ibn Muzahim al-Hilali. He narrated from Ibn Umar, Ibn Abbas, Abu Hurayra, and others. It is said that no hearing from any of the Companions was confirmed for him. He died in the year 106 AH. Tahdhib al-Tahdhib 4/453, 454. (3) Omitted from the original. (4) Recorded by Al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on what has come regarding the Zakat of orphan's property, from the Chapters on Zakat. Aridat al-Ahwadhi 3/136; and Al-Bayhaqi, in: Chapter on those upon whom Zakat is obligatory, from the Book of Zakat, and Chapter on the guardian's trading with orphan's property or lending it, from the Book of Sales. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 4/107, 6/2; and Al-Daraqutni, in: Chapter on the obligation of Zakat in the property of the child and the orphan, from the Book of Zakat. Sunan al-Daraqutni 2/109, 110. (5) The narration of Umar was recorded by Al-Bayhaqi, in the same two chapters, and Al-Daraqutni, in the same chapter. Sunan al-Daraqutni 2/110. (6) In the original: "Al-ba'i'un" (the sellers). (7) In M: "Al-amin" (the trustworthy person). (8) In M: "Ja'alathu min" (she made it from). (9) In M: "Ya'khudhuhu" (he takes it). (10) Omitted from: M.
عن عمَرَ، وعائِشَةَ، والضَّحَّاكِ (٢). ولا نَعْلَمُ أحَدًا كَرِهَه، إلَّا ما رُوِىَ عن الحسنِ، ولَعَلَّه أرادَ اجْتِنابَ المُخاطَرَةِ به (٣). ولأنَّ خَزْنَه أحْفَظُ له، والذى عليه الجُمْهُورُ أوْلَى؛ لِمَا رَوَى عبدُ اللهِ بن عمْرِو بن العاصِ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قال: "مَنْ وَلِىَ يَتِيمًا لَهُ مَالٌ فَلْيَتَّجِرْ لَهُ، وَلَا يَتْرُكْهُ حَتَّى تَأْكُلَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ" (٤). وَرُوِىَ ذلك عن عمرَ بن الخَطَّابِ (٥)، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنه، وهو أصَحُّ مِن المَرْفُوعِ. ولأنَّ ذلك أحَظُّ للمُوَلَّى عليه؛ لتَكُونَ نَفَقَتُه مِن فاضِلِه ورِبْحِه، كما يَفْعَلُه البالِغُونَ (٦) فى أموالِهِمْ، وأموالِ مَن يَعِزُّ عليهم مِن أولادِهم، إلَّا أَنَّه لا يَتَّجِرُ إلَّا فى المواضِعِ الآمِنَةِ، ولا يَدْفَعُه إلّا لأمِينٍ (٧)، ولا يُغَرِّرُ بمالِه. وقد رُوِىَ عن عائِشَة، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنها، أَنَّها أَبْضَعَتْ مالَ محمدِ بن أبى بكرٍ فى البَحْرِ. فيَحْتَمِلُ أَنَّه كان فى مَوْضِعٍ مَأمُونٍ قَرِيبٍ مِنَ السَّاحِلِ، ويَحْتَمِلُ أَنَّها جَعَلَتْ (٨) ضَمانَه عليها، إنْ هَلَكَ غَرِمَتْه. فمتى اتَّجَرَ فى المالِ بنَفْسِه، فالرِّبْحُ كُلُّه لِلْيَتِيمِ، وأجازَ الحسنُ بن صالِحٍ، وإسحاقُ، أنْ يَأْخُذَ (٩) الوَصِيُّ مُضارَبَةَ لنَفْسِه؛ لأنَّه جازَ له (١٠) أنْ يَدْفَعَه بذلك إلى غيرِه، فجازَ أنْ يَأْخُذَ ذلك لنَفْسِه. والصَّحِيحُ ما قُلْنا؛ لأنَّ الرِّبْحَ نَماءُ مالِ اليَتِيمِ، فلا يَسْتَحِقُّه
(٢) أبو القاسم الضَّحَّاك بن مزاحم الهلالى، روى عن ابن عمر، وابن عبَّاس، وأبي هريرة، وغيرهم. وقيل لم يثبت له سماع من أحد من الصَّحابة، توفى سنة ست ومائة. تهذيب التهذيب ٤/ ٤٥٣، ٤٥٤.(٣) سقط من: الأصل.(٤) أخرجه الترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى زكاة مال اليتيم، من أبواب الزكاة. عارضة الأحوذى ٣/ ١٣٦. والبيهقى، فى: باب من تجب عليه الصدقة، من كتاب الزكاة. وباب تجارة الوصى بمال اليتيم أو إقراضه، من كتاب البيوع. السنن الكبرى ٤/ ١٠٧، ٦/ ٢. والدارقطني، فى: باب وجوب الزكاة فى مال الصبى واليتيم، من كتاب الزكاة. سنن الدارقطنى ٢/ ١٠٩، ١١٠.(٥) حديث عمر، أخرجه البيهقى، فى البابين نفسيهما. والدارقطني، فى الباب نفسه. سنن الدارقطنى ٢/ ١١٠.(٦) فى الأصل: "البائعون".(٧) فى م: "الأمين".(٨) فى م: "جعلته من".(٩) فى م: "يأخذه".(١٠) سقط من: م.