Al-Bukhari (6) narrated from Muhammad ibn Abi al-Mujalid, who said: Abu Burdah and 'Abdullah ibn Shaddad sent me to 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abza and 'Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa. I asked them about salaf (forward sale), and they replied: "We used to obtain spoils of war with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and Nabataeans from the Nabataeans of al-Sham used to come to us, and we would conduct salaf with them for wheat, barley, and raisins (7)." I asked: "Did they have crops, or did they not have crops?" They said: "We did not ask them about that." As for the consensus (ijma'), Ibn al-Mundhir said: "Everyone whose knowledge we have preserved among the scholars has reached a consensus that salam is permissible." This is because the item for which the price is paid (al-muthman) in a sale is one of the two considerations of the contract; therefore, it is permissible for it to be established as a liability (dhimma), like the price (thaman). Furthermore, people have a need for it, because the owners of crops, fruits, and commercial goods require maintenance for themselves and for their goods in order to reach maturity, and they may be in need (8) of funds. Thus, salam was permitted for them so they might benefit, and the person conducting the salam might benefit by obtaining a lower price.
773 - Issue: Abu al-Qasim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And all that is defined by a description, salam therein is permissible."
The totality of this is that salam is only valid upon six conditions:
First, that the item for which the salam is conducted (al-muslam fihi) must be of a type that is defined by the attributes which cause the price to vary significantly. Thus, it is valid regarding grains, fruits, flour, garments, silk,
(6) In: Chapter on Salam with Known Weight, and: Chapter on Salam to Someone Who Does Not Possess the Original Goods, from the Book of Salam. Sahih al-Bukhari 3/111, 112. It was also reported by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on Salaf, from the Book of Sales. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/247. And al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on Salam in Food, and: Chapter on Salam in Raisins, from the Book of Sales. al-Mujtaba 7/255. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on Salaf in Known Measure..., from the Book of Trade. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/765. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 4/380. (7) In the original: "and oil". This is in: Chapter on Salam to Someone Who Does Not Possess the Original Goods, from the Book of Salam, in Sahih al-Bukhari. (8) In [A]: "ta'uz" (need/lack). (1) Omitted from the original.
البُخارِيُّ (٦) عن محمدِ بنِ أبى المُجَالدِ، قال: أَرْسَلَنِى أبو بُرْدَةَ وعبدُ اللهِ بنُ شَدَّادٍ إلى عبدِ الرَّحمنِ بنِ أَبْزَى وعبدِ اللَّه بنِ أبى أوْفَى، فسَأَلْتُهُما عن السَّلَفِ، فقالا: كنَّا نُصِيبُ المَغَانِمَ مَعَ رسولِ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، فكان يَأْتِينَا أَنْبَاطٌ مِنْ أَنْبَاطِ الشَّامِ، فَنُسَلِّفُهُم فى الحِنْطَةِ والشَّعِيرِ والزَّبِيبِ (٧). فقلتُ: أكانَ لَهُمْ زَرْعٌ، أمْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُم زَرْعٌ؟ قال: ما كنَّا نَسْأَلهُم عن ذلك. وأمَّا الإِجْماعُ، فقال ابنُ المُنْذِرِ: أجْمَعَ كلُّ مَنْ نحْفَظُ عنه مِنْ أهْلِ العِلْمِ على أنَّ السَّلَمَ جائِزٌ، ولأنَّ المُثْمَنَ فى البَيْعِ أحَدُ عِوَضَىِ العَقْدِ، فجازَ أن يَثْبُتَ فى الذِّمَّةِ، كالثَّمَنِ، ولأنَّ بالنَّاسِ حَاجَةً إليه؛ لأنَّ أرْبابَ الزُّرُوعِ والثِّمَارِ والتِّجاراتِ يَحْتاجُونَ إلى النَّفَقَةِ على أنفُسِهِمْ وعليها؛ لِتَكْمُلَ، وقد تُعْوِزُهُم (٨) النَّفَقَةُ، فجَوَّزَ لهم السَّلَمَ؛ لِيَرْتَفِقُوا، ويَرْتَفِقَ المُسْلِمُ بالاسْتِرْخَاصِ.
٧٧٣ - مسألة؛ قال أبو القَاسِمِ، رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: (وكلُّ ما ضُبِطَ بِصِفَةٍ، فالسَّلَمُ فيه جَائِزٌ)
وجملةُ ذلك، أنَّ السَّلَمَ، لا يَصِحُّ إلَّا بِشُرُوطٍ سِتَّةٍ:
أحدُها، أن يكونَ المُسْلَمُ فيه مما يَنْضَبِطُ بالصِّفاتِ التى يَخْتَلِفُ الثَّمَنُ بِاخْتِلافِها ظاهِرًا، فيَصِحُّ فى الحُبُوبِ، والثِّمَارِ، والدَّقِيقِ، والثِّيابِ، والإِبْرِيسَمِ،
(٦) فى: باب السلم فى وزن معلوم، و: باب السلم إلى من ليس عنده أصل، من كتاب السلم. صحيح البخارى ٣/ ١١١، ١١٢. كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى السلف، من كتاب البيوع. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٢٤٧. والنسائي، فى: باب السلم فى الطعام، و: باب السلم فى الزبيب، من كتاب البيوع. المجتبى ٧/ ٢٥٥. وابن ماجه، فى: باب السلف فى كيل معلوم. . .، من كتاب التجارات، سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٦٥. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٤/ ٣٨٠.(٧) فى الأصل: "والزيت". وهو فى: باب السلم إلى من ليس عنده أصل، من كتاب السلم. فى صحيح البخارى.(٨) فى أ: "تعوز".(١) سقط من: الأصل.
