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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 6 · صفحة 396فصل

الترجمة · EN

and its smallness, fatness and leanness, and whether it is fresh or salted. He does not accept the head or the tail, but he is entitled to what is between them. If the quantity is large, he takes a portion of it and must specify the part of the meat.

Section: He specifies the clarified butter (samn) by its type, whether from sheep, goats, or cows, and by its color, whether white or yellow. Al-Qadi said: He should also mention the pasture. There is no need to mention whether it is new or old, because the absolute term implies the new; the Salam contract is not valid for old butter because it is considered a defect and does not have a limit by which it can be defined. He describes butter (zubd) using the same attributes as clarified butter, and adds whether it is from today or yesterday. He is not obliged to accept it if it has changed in the clarified butter or regular butter, nor in the case of a slave, unless the thinness is due to heat. He describes milk by its type and pasture; he does not need to mention the color or whether it is of today's milking, because the absolute term implies that. He is not obliged to accept it if it has changed. Ahmad said: The Salam contract is valid for whey (makhiḍ). Al-Shafi'i said: The Salam contract is not valid for it because it contains something that is not of its intended benefit, which is water, so the intended object becomes unknown. Our view is that the water is slight, omitted for the sake of benefit, and common practice allows it; therefore, it does not prevent the validity of the Salam contract, just like the water in sesame oil (shayraj), the salt and rennet in cheese, and the water in date vinegar. He describes cheese by its type, pasture, and whether it is moist or dry. He describes colostrum (liba') with the attributes of milk, adding the color and whether it is cooked or uncooked.

Section: Garments are defined by six attributes: the type, such as linen or cotton; the country of origin; the length; the width; the density and thinness; the thickness and fineness; and the smoothness and roughness. He does not mention the weight; if he does, it is invalid because it is difficult to combine the stipulated attributes with a specific weight, which would lead to uncertainty due to the impossibility of achieving them. If he mentions whether it is raw or bleached (50), he is entitled to what he stipulated. If he does not mention it, it is permissible, and he is entitled to raw, because that is the original state. If he mentions washed or worn, it is not permissible because the wear varies and cannot be defined. If he enters into a Salam contract for

الحواشي

(49) In [S]: "due to the distance". (50) Qasr al-thiyab (bleaching garments): beating and whitening them.

العربية (المصدر)

والصِّغَرَ، والسِّمَنَ والهُزَالَ، والطَّرِىَّ والمِلْحَ، ولا يَقْبَلُ الرَّأسَ والذَّنَبَ، وله ما بينهما، وإن كان كَثِيرًا يَأْخُذُ بعضَه، ذَكَرَ مَوْضِعَ اللَّحْمِ منه.

فصل: ويَضْبِطُ السَّمْنَ بالنَّوْعِ من ضَأْنٍ أو مَعْزٍ أو بَقَرٍ، واللَّوْنَ، أَبْيَضَ أو أصْفَرَ. قال القاضي: ويَذْكُرُ المَرْعَى. ولا يَحْتاجُ إلى ذِكْرِ حَدِيثٍ أو عَتِيقٍ؛ لأنَّ إطْلاقَهُ يَقْتَضِى الحَدِيثَ، ولا يَصِحُّ السَّلَمُ في عَتِيقِه؛ لأنَّه عَيْبٌ، ولا يَنْتَهِى إلى حَدٍّ يُضْبَطُ به. ويَصِفُ الزُّبْدَ بأَوْصَافِ السَّمْنِ، ويَزِيدُ، زُبْدُ يَوْمِه أو أَمْسِه. ولا يَلْزَمُه قَبُولُ مُتَغَيِّرٍ في السَّمْنِ أو الزُّبْدِ، ولا رَقِيقٍ، إلَّا أن تكونَ رِقَّتُه لِلْحَرِّ. ويَصِفُ اللَّبَنَ بالنَّوْعِ والمَرْعَى، ولا يَحْتاجُ إلى اللَّوْنِ، ولا حَلْبَةِ يَوْمِه؛ لأنَّ إطْلاقَه يَقْتَضِى ذلك، ولا يَلْزَمُه قَبُولُ مُتَغَيِّرٍ. قال أحْمَدُ: ويَصِحُّ السَّلَمُ في المَخِيضِ. وقال الشَّافِعِىُّ: لا يَصِحُّ السَّلَمُ فيه؛ لأنَّ فيه ما ليس من مَصْلَحَتِه، وهو الماءُ، فصارَ المَقْصُودُ مَجْهُولًا. ولَنا، أنَّ الماءَ يَسِيرٌ، يُتْرَكُ لأَجْلِ المَصْلَحَةِ، جَرَتِ العادَةُ به، فلم يَمْنَعْ صِحَّةَ السَّلَمِ فيه، كالماءِ في الشَّيْرَجِ، والمِلْحِ والإِنْفَحَّةِ في الجُبْن، والماءِ في خَلِّ التَّمْرِ، ويَصِفُ الجُبنَ بالنَّوْعِ والمَرْعَى، ورَطْبٍ أو يَابِسٍ، ويَصِفُ اللِّبَأَ بِصِفَاتِ اللَّبَنِ، ويَزِيدُ اللَّوْنَ، ويَذْكُرُ الطَّبْخَ أو ليس بِمَطْبُوخٍ.

فصل: وتُضْبَطُ الثِّيابُ بِسِتِّةِ أَوْصافٍ؛ النَّوْع، كَتَّانٌ أو قُطْنٌ. والبَلَدِ. والطُّولِ. والعَرْضِ. والصَّفَاقَةِ والرِّقَّةِ. والغِلَظِ والدِّقَّةِ. والنُّعُومَةِ والخُشُونَةِ. ولا يذْكُرُ الوَزْنَ، فإنْ ذَكَرَهُ، لم يَصِحَّ لِتَعَذُّرِ الجَمْعِ بين صِفَاتِه المُشْتَرَطَة، وكونِه على وَزْنٍ مَعْلُومٍ, فيكونُ فيه تَغْرِيرٌ؛ لِتَعَذُّرِ (٤٩) اتِّفاقِه. وإن ذَكَرَ خَامًا أو مَقْصُورًا (٥٠)، فله ما شَرَطَ، وإن لم يَذْكُرْهُ، جَازَ، وله خَامٌ؛ لأنَّه الأصْلُ. وإن ذَكَرَ مَغْسُولًا أو لَبِيسًا. لم يَجُزْ؛ لأنَّ اللُّبْسَ يَخْتَلِفُ، ولا يَنْضَبِطُ. فإن أَسْلَمَ في

الحواشي

(٤٩) في ص: "لبعد".(٥٠) قصر الثياب: دقها وبيَّضها.

السابقمجلد 6 · صفحة 396التالي
السابق6·396التالي