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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 6 · صفحة 479فصل

الترجمة · EN

Section: If the pledgee usurps the pledge from the neutral party, then returns it to him, the liability is removed from him. If the pledge were in the hand of the pledgee, and he acted transgressively with it, then ceased the transgression, or traveled with it, then returned it, the liability is not removed from him, because his status as a trustee was terminated by that [act], and it does not return by his action while it remains in his hand, unlike the previous case, for if he returns it to the hand of the owner's representative, it is similar to if he had returned it to the hand of its owner.

Section: And if a dhimmi (non-Muslim citizen) borrows money from a Muslim, and pledges wine for it, it is not valid, whether he placed it in the hand of a dhimmi or someone else. If the pledgor, or his dhimmi representative, sells it, and the lender comes with its price, he is obligated to accept it. If he refuses, it is said to him: Either you take it, or you release [the debt]; because when the people of the dhimma take possession from one another in invalid contracts, it is treated as valid. Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said regarding the people of the dhimma who possess wines: 'Let them sell them, and take from their prices.' But if he placed it in the hand of a Muslim, and he sells it, the pledgee is not compelled to accept the price, because that sale is invalid; they are not confirmed in it, and it has no legal weight.

787 - Issue: He said: (And he shall not pledge the property of one to whom he has been entrusted with the safe-keeping of his property, except with a trustworthy person.)

The gist of this is that the guardian of an orphan does not have the right to pledge his property except with a trustworthy person with whom he deposits his property, so that he does not deny it or fail in caring for it, leading to its loss. The Qadi said: His guardian may not pledge his property except under two conditions: First, that it be with a trustworthy person. Second, that there be an interest for him in it, which is that he is in need of it for maintenance, clothing, or expenditure on his dilapidated real estate, his land, or his livestock, and the like, while his own property is absent but he expects its arrival, or a fruit harvest he is awaiting, or he has a deferred debt that is coming due,

الحواشي

(24) In M: "yufsid" (it corrupts); [this is] a distortion. (25) Omitted from A and M. (26) In A and M: "ala" (upon). (27) In M: "al-khamr" (wine/the wine). (1) In M: "al-mutahaddim" (dilapidated).

العربية (المصدر)

فصل: إذا غَصَبَ المُرْتَهِنُ الرَّهْنَ من العَدْلِ، ثم رَدَّهُ إليه، زَالَ عنه الضَّمَانُ. ولو كان الرَّهْنُ فى يَدِ المُرْتَهِنِ، فتَعَدَّى فيه، ثم أزَالَ التَّعَدِّىَ، أو سَافَرَ به ثم رَدَّهُ، لم يَزُلْ عنه الضَّمَانُ، لأنَّ اسْتِئْمَانَهُ زَالَ بذلك، فلم يَعُدْ (٢٤) بِفعْلِهِ مع بَقَائِه فى يَدِه، بِخِلَافِ التى قَبْلَها، فإن رَدَّهُ إلى يَدِ نَائِبِ مَالِكِها، فأشْبهَ ما لو رَدَّهَا إلى يَدِ (٢٥) مَالِكِهَا.

فصل: وإذا اسْتَقْرَضَ ذِمِّىٌّ من مُسْلِمٍ مَالًا، ورَهَنَهُ خَمْرًا، لم يَصِحَّ، سواءٌ جَعَلَهُ فى (٢٦) يَدِ ذِمِّىٍّ أو غيرِه، فإن بَاعَها الرَّاهِنُ، أو نَائِبُه الذِّمِّىُّ، وجَاءَ المُقْرِضُ بِثَمَنِها، لَزِمَهُ قَبُولُه. فإن أَبَى، قِيلَ له: إمَّا أن تَقْبِضَ، وإمَّا أن تُبْرِىءَ؛ لأنَّ أهْلَ الذِّمَّةِ إذا تَقَابَضُوا فى العُقودِ الفَاسِدَةِ، جَرَتْ مَجْرَى الصَّحِيحَةِ. قال عمرُ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه، فى أهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ، معهم الخُمورُ (٢٧): وَلُّوهُمْ بَيْعَها، وخُذُوا من أَثْمَانِها. وإن جَعَلَهَا على يَدِ مُسْلِمٍ. فبَاعَها، لم يُجْبَر المُرْتَهِنُ على قَبُولِ الثَّمَنِ؛ لأنَّ ذلك البَيْعَ فَاسِدٌ، لا يُقَرَّانِ عليه، ولا حُكْمَ له.

٧٨٧ - مسألة؛ قال: (ولا يَرْهَنُ مالَ من أَوْصَى إليه بِحِفْظِ مَالِه إلَّا من ثِقَةٍ)

وجملته أن وَلِىَّ اليَتِيمِ ليس له رَهْنُ مَالِه، إلَّا عند ثِقَةٍ يُودِعُ مَالَهُ عنده، لئلا يجْحَدَهُ أو يُفَرِّطَ فيه فيَضِيعَ. قال القاضِى: ليس لِوَلِيِّهِ رَهْنُ مَالِهِ إلَّا بِشَرْطَيْنِ: أحَدِهما، أن يكونَ عند ثِقَةٍ. الثانى، أن يكونَ له فيه حَظٌّ، وهو أن يكونَ به حَاجَةٌ إلى نَفَقَةٍ، أو كُسْوَةٍ، أو إنْفَاقٍ على عَقَارِه المُسْتَهْدِمِ (١)، أو أَرْضِه، أو بَهَائِمِه، ونحو ذلك، ومَالُه غائِبٌ يَتَوَقَّعُ وُرُودَه، أو ثَمَرةٌ يَنْتَظِرُها، أو له دَيْنٌ مُؤَجَّلٌ يَحِلُّ،

الحواشي

(٢٤) فى م: "يفسد" تحريف.(٢٥) سقط من: أ، م.(٢٦) فى أ، م: "على".(٢٧) فى م: "الخمر".(١) فى م: "المتهدم".

السابقمجلد 6 · صفحة 479التالي
السابق6·479التالي