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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 6 · صفحة 490٧٩١ - مسألة؛ قال: (وإذا جنى العبد المرهون، فالمجني عليه أحق برقبته من مرتهنه، حتى يستوفى حقه، فإن اختار سيده أن يفديه وفعل، فهو رهن بحاله)

الترجمة · EN

the indemnity for her virginity if she were a virgin. The hadith is specific to a woman forced into prostitution; for God Almighty named her such, despite her being forced into it, as He said: "And do not force your slave girls to prostitution if they desire chastity." Regarding their saying: "Neither the hadd nor the dower is incumbent," we say: The dower is not incumbent for her, and in our issue, it is not incumbent for her, rather it is incumbent for her master. It differs from the free woman, for if the dower were to be incumbent, it would be for her, and she has relinquished her right by her permission. Here, the one entitled [to the right] did not permit it. Furthermore, the obligation in the case of a free woman occurs [based on] forcing her, and its falling away is due to her compliance. Likewise, the master here, once the falling away became attached to his permission, it should be established upon its absence. It is the same whether he had intercourse with her believing it lawful, or not believing it lawful, or claimed a doubt, or did not claim it; because the dower is a right of a human being, so it is not nullified by doubts. This slave girl does not become an 'umm walad' (mother of a child) to the mortgagee under any circumstances, whether he owned her after the delivery or before it, and whether we ruled [that the child is a slave] or free, because he impregnated her while she was not in his ownership.

791 - Issue: He said: "And when the pledged slave commits an offense, the victim of the offense has a better right to his person than the mortgagee, until he has fulfilled his right. If his master chooses to ransom him and does so, he remains a pledge as he was."

In summary, when a pledged slave commits an offense against a person or their property, the offense attaches to his person, and thus it is prioritized over the right of the mortgagee. We know of no disagreement regarding this; this is because the offense is prioritized over the right of the owner, and ownership is stronger than a pledge, so it is more fitting that it be prioritized over the pledge. If it is said: But the right of the mortgagee is also prioritized over the right of the owner. We say: The right of the mortgagee was established from the side of the owner by his contract, and the right of the offense was established without his choice, prioritized over his right, so it is prioritized over

الحواشي

(8) In M: "specifically applicable". (9) Surah al-Nur 33. (10) Omitted from M. (11) Repeated in M by mistake.

العربية (المصدر)

بَكارَتِها لو كانت بِكْرًا، والحَدِيثُ مُخْتَصٌّ (٨) بالمُكْرَهَةِ على البِغَاءِ؛ فإنَّ اللهَ تعالى سَمَّاها بذلك، مع كَوْنِها مُكْرَهَةً عليه، فقال: {وَلَا تُكْرِهُوا فَتَيَاتِكُمْ عَلَى الْبِغَاءِ إِنْ أَرَدْنَ تَحَصُّنًا} (٩). وقولُهم: لا يَجِبُ الحَدُّ والمَهْرُ. قُلْنا: لا يَجِبُ المَهْرُ لها، وفى مَسْأَلَتِنَا لا يَجِبُ لها، وإنَّما يَجِبُ لِسَيِّدِها، ويُفَارِقُ الحُرَّةَ، فإنَّ المَهْرَ لو وَجَبَ لوَجَبَ لها، وقد أَسْقَطَتْ حَقَّها بإِذْنِها، وهاهُنا المُسْتَحِقُّ لم يَأْذَنْ، ولأنَّ الوُجُوبَ في حَقِّ الحُرَّةِ يفْعَلُه (١٠) بإِكْرَاهِها، وسُقُوطُهُ بِمُطَاوَعَتِها، فكذلك السَّيِّدُ هاهُنا، لَمَّا تَعَلَّقَ السُّقُوطُ بإِذْنِه، يَنْبَغِى أن يَثْبُتَ عندَ عَدَمِه، وسواءٌ وَطِئَها مُعْتَقِدًا لِلْحِلِّ، أو غيرَ مُعْتَقِدٍ له، أو ادَّعَى شُبْهَةً، أو لم يَدَّعِها؛ لأنَّ المَهْرَ حَقُّ آدَمِيٍّ، فلا يَسْقُطُ بالشُّبُهَاتِ، ولا تَصِيرُ هذه الأمَةُ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ لِلْمُرْتَهِنِ بحالٍ، سواءٌ مَلَكَها بعدَ الوَضْعِ أو قبلَه، وسواءٌ حَكَمْنا [بِرِقِّ الوَلَدِ] (١١) أو حُرّيَّتِه، لأنَّه أَحْبَلَهَا في غيرِ مِلْكِه.

٧٩١ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَإذَا جَنَى الْعَبْدُ المَرْهُونُ، فَالمَجْنِيُّ عَلَيْهِ أَحَقُّ بِرَقَبَتِهِ مِنْ مُرْتَهِنِه، حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِىَ حَقَّهُ، فَإن اختَارَ سَيِّدُهُ أنْ يَفْدِيَهُ وفَعَلَ، فَهُوَ رَهْنٌ بِحَالِهِ)

وجملتُه أنَّ العَبْدَ المَرْهُونَ إذا جَنَى على إِنْسَانٍ، أو على مَالِه، تَعَلَّقَتِ الجِنَايَةُ بِرَقَبَتِه، فكانت مُقَدَّمَةً على حَقِّ المُرْتَهِنِ. لا نَعْلَمُ في هذا خِلَافًا؛ وذلك لأنَّ الجِنَايَةَ مُقَدَّمَةٌ على حَقِّ المالِكِ، والمِلْكُ أَقْوَى من الرَّهْنِ، فأَوْلَى أن يُقَدَّمَ على الرَّهْنِ. فإن قيل: فحَقُّ المُرْتَهِنِ أيضا يُقَدَّمُ على حَقِّ المالِكِ. قُلْنا: حَقُّ المُرْتَهِنِ ثَبَتَ من جِهَةِ المالِكِ بِعَقْدِه، وحَقُّ الجِنَايَةِ ثَبَتَ بغيرِ اخْتِيَارِه مُقَدَّمًا على حَقِّه، فيُقَدَّمُ على

الحواشي

(٨) في م: "مخصوص".(٩) سورة النور ٣٣.(١٠) سقط من: م.(١١) تكرر في م خطأ.

السابقمجلد 6 · صفحة 490التالي
السابق6·490التالي