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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 6 · صفحة 508فصل

الترجمة · EN

it is a pledge with a corrupt condition, therefore it is corrupt, just as if he had stipulated its fulfillment. There is no [evidence] in the report that he stipulated that at the beginning of the contract, so there is no proof in it.

Section: If the debtor says: I have pledged to you this slave of mine, on the condition that you increase my term, it is void, because the term is not established in a debt unless it is stipulated in a contract by which it became mandatory. If the term is not established, the pledge is not valid, because he made it in exchange for it, and because that resembles the usury of the Pre-Islamic era (Riba al-Jahiliyyah), as they used to increase the debt to increase the term.

Section: If he is owed a thousand by a man, and the man says: Lend me a thousand, on the condition that I pledge to you this slave of mine for the two thousand. Hanbal narrated from Ahmad that the loan is void. This is the school of al-Shafi'i, because it is a loan that draws a benefit, which is the security for the first thousand. If the loan is void, the pledge is void. If (23) it is said: Is it not that if he stipulated that he would give him a pledge for what he borrows, it would be permissible? We say: This is not a loan that draws a benefit, because the extent of what he obtained is the confirmation of the fulfillment of the replacement of what he lent him, which is the equivalent of it. A loan entails the obligation of fulfillment, while in our issue, he stipulated in this loan security for his first debt, so he has stipulated security for something other than what the loan entails. Muhanna narrated that the loan is valid, and perhaps Ahmad ruled for the validity of the loan despite the corruption of the condition, so that it would not lead to drawing a benefit from the loan, or he ruled for the corruption of the pledge regarding the first thousand alone and validated it for what is beyond that. If there were a sale in place of the loan, and he said: Sell me this slave of yours for a thousand, on the condition that I pledge to you my slave for it and for the other thousand that I owe you, then the sale is void, according to one narration, because the price is unknown, as he made the price a thousand and a benefit that is a security for the first thousand, and that benefit is unknown. Also, because he stipulated a contract of pledge for the first thousand, so it is not valid, just as if he had isolated it, or as if he sold him his house on the condition that the other sell him his house.

الحواشي

(23) In MS (m): "fa-idha" (so if).

العربية (المصدر)

أنَّه رَهْنٌ بِشَرْطٍ فَاسِدٍ، فكان فَاسِدًا، كما لو شَرَطَ تَوْفِيَتَه، وليس فى الخَبَرِ أنَّه شَرَطَ ذلك فى ابْتِدَاءِ العَقْدِ، فلا يكونُ فيه حُجَّةٌ.

فصل: ولو قال الغَرِيمُ: رَهَنْتُكَ عَبْدِى هذا، على أن تَزِيدَنِى فى الأَجَلِ. كان بَاطِلًا؛ لأنَّ الأجَلَ لا يَثْبتُ فى الدَّيْنِ، إلَّا أن يكونَ مَشْرُوطًا فى عَقْدٍ وَجَبَ به، فإذا لم يَثْبُتِ الأَجَلُ، لم يَصِحَّ الرَّهْنُ، لأنَّه جَعَلَهُ فى مُقَابَلَتِه، ولأنَّ ذلك يُضَاهِى رِبَا الجَاهِلِيَّةِ، كانوا يَزِيدُونَ فى الدَّيْنِ لِيَزْدَادُوا فى الأَجَلِ.

فصل: إذا كان له على رَجُلٍ أَلْفٌ، فقال: أقْرِضْنِى ألْفًا، بشَرْطِ أن أَرْهَنَكَ عَبْدِى هذا بالأَلْفَيْنِ. فنَقَلَ حَنْبَلٌ، عن أحمدَ، أنَّ القَرْضَ باطِلٌ. وهو مذهبُ الشَّافِعِيِّ؛ لأنَّه قَرْضٌ يَجُرُّ مَنْفَعَةً، وهو الاسْتِيثَاقُ بالأَلْفِ الأوَّلِ. وإذا بَطَلَ القَرْضُ بَطَلَ الرَّهْنُ. فإنْ (٢٣) قيل: أليس لو شَرَطَ أنَّه يُعْطِيَه رَهْنًا بما يَقْتَرِضُه جازَ؟ قُلْنا: ليس هذا قَرْضًا جَرَّ مَنْفَعَةً؛ لأنَّ غَايَةَ ما حَصَلَ له تَأْكِيدُ الاسْتِيفَاءِ لِبَدَلِ ما أقْرَضَهُ، وهو مِثْلُه، والقَرْضُ يَقْتَضِى وُجُوبَ الوَفَاءِ، وفى مَسْأَلَتِنَا شَرَطَ فى هذا القَرْضِ الاسْتِيثَاقَ لِدَيْنِه الأوَّل، فقد شَرَطَ اسْتِيثَاقًا لغيرِ مُوجِبِ القَرْضِ. ونَقَلَ مُهَنَّا أنَّ القَرْضَ صَحِيحٌ. ولعلَّ أحمدَ حَكَمَ بِصِحَّةِ القَرْضِ مع فَسَادِ الشَّرْطِ، كيلا يُفْضِى إلى جَرِّ المَنْفَعَةِ بالقَرْضِ، أو حَكَمَ بِفَسَادِ الرَّهْنِ فى الأَلْفِ الأَوَّلِ وَحْدَه، وصَحَّحَهُ فيما عَداهُ. ولو كان مكان القَرْضِ بَيْعٌ، فقال: بِعْنِى عَبْدَكَ هذا بأَلْفٍ، على أن أرْهَنَكَ عَبْدِى به وبالأَلْفِ الآخَرِ الذى عَلَيَّ. فالبَيْعُ بَاطِلٌ، رِوَايَةً واحِدَةً؛ لأنَّ الثَّمَنَ مَجْهُولٌ، فإنَّه جَعَلَ الثَّمنَ أَلْفًا ومَنْفَعَةً هى وَثِيقَةٌ بالأَلْفِ الأَوَّلِ، وتلك المَنْفَعَةُ مَجْهُولَةٌ، ولأنَّه شَرَطَ عَقْدَ الرَّهْنِ بالأَلْفِ الأوَّلِ، فلم يَصِحَّ، كما لو أفْرَدَهُ، أو كما لو بَاعَهُ دَارَه بِشَرْطِ أن يَبِيعَه الآخَرُ دَارَهُ.

الحواشي

(٢٣) فى م: "فإذا".

السابقمجلد 6 · صفحة 508التالي
السابق6·508التالي