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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 6 · صفحة 551فصل

الترجمة · EN

is an annulment by which he is entitled to reclaim the substance. He is therefore not entitled to take the disconnected increase, similar to the annulment of a sale due to a defect, an option (khiyar), or mutual rescission (iqala), and the annulment of a marriage for any reason necessitating it. The saying of the Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace), "The gain is for the one who bears the liability," indicates that the growth and profit belong to the purchaser because the liability is upon him. As for the connected increase, we have already demonstrated that it also belongs to the insolvent person, and that serves as a reminder that the disconnected increase likewise belongs to him. Furthermore, even if we were to concede that point, the distinction is manifest; for the connected increase follows the substance in cases of annulments and returns due to defects, unlike the disconnected increase. It is not appropriate for there to be any disagreement regarding this due to its clarity, and the words of Ahmad, in the narration of Hanbal, are interpreted as meaning that he sold them while they were pregnant, thus they are considered sold items; this is why he singled these two out for mention rather than the rest of the growth.

Section: If one purchases a pregnant slave girl and then becomes insolvent while she is still pregnant, he [the seller] has the right to reclaim her, unless the pregnancy has increased [her] with its growth, and her value has increased because of it, in which case it falls under the category of that which has increased with a connected increase, according to what has preceded. If he becomes insolvent after she gives birth, the Qadi said: He has the right to reclaim both in all cases, without distinction. The correct view is that if we say: the pregnancy has no legal ruling, then the child is a disconnected increase; thus, according to the opinion of Abu Bakr, it does not prevent reclamation of both, and according to the opinion of others, the child belongs to the insolvent person, so it is possible that it would prevent the reclamation of the mother so as not to lead to separating the mother from her child, and it is also possible that he may reclaim the mother and pay the value of the child so that he may have both.

الحواشي

(16) Its authentication (takhrij) has previously appeared in Al-Tirmidhi on page 22. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud in: The Chapter on One Who Buys a Slave and Uses Him Then Finds a Defect in Him, from the Book of Sales. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/254, 255. Al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on "The Gain is for the One Who Bears the Liability," from the Book of Sales. Al-Mujtaba 7/223. Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on "The Gain is for the One Who Bears the Liability," from the Book of Trade. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/754. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 6/49, 237. (17) In the manuscripts: "her pregnancy (hamliha)."

العربية (المصدر)

فَسْخٌ اسْتَحَقَّ به اسْتِرْجَاعَ العَيْنِ، فلم يَسْتَحقَّ أَخْذَ الزِّيَادَةِ المُنْفَصِلَةِ، كَفَسْخِ البَيْعِ بالعَيْبِ أو الخِيَارِ أو الإِقَالَةِ، وفَسْخِ النِّكَاحِ بِسَبَبٍ من أَسْبَابِ الفَسْخِ، وقولُ النَّبِىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "الخَرَاجُ بالضَّمَانِ" (١٦). يَدُلُّ على أنَّ النَّماءَ والغَلَّةَ لِلْمُشْتَرِى، لكَوْنِ الضَّمَانِ عليه، وأما الزِّيَادَةُ المُتَّصِلَةُ، فقد دَلَّلْنَا على أنَّها لِلْمُفْلِسِ أيضًا، وفى ذلك تَنْبِيهٌ على كَوْنِ المُنْفَصِلَةِ له. ثم لو سَلَّمْنَا ثَمَّ، فالفَرْقُ ظَاهِرٌ، فإنَّ المُتَّصِلَةَ تَتْبَعُ فى الفُسُوخِ والرَّدِّ بالعَيْبِ، بِخِلَافِ المُنْفَصِلَةِ، ولا يَنْبَغِى أن يَقَعَ فى هذا اخْتِلَافٌ لِظُهُورِه، وكلامُ أحمدَ، فى رِوَايَةِ حَنْبَلٍ، يُحْمَلُ على أنَّه بَاعَهما فى حالِ حَمْلِهما (١٧)، فيَكُونَانِ مَبِيعَيْنِ، ولهذا خَصَّ هذَيْنِ بالذِّكْرِ دُونَ بَقِيَّةِ النَّمَاءِ.

فصل: ولو اشْتَرَى أمَةً حَامِلًا، ثم أفْلَسَ وهى حَامِلٌ، فله الرُّجُوعُ فيها، إلَّا أن يكونَ الحَمْلُ قد زَادَ بِكِبَرِهِ، وكَثُرَتْ قِيمَتُها من أَجْلِه، فيكونَ من قَبِيلِ الزَّائِدِ زِيَادَةً مُتَّصِلَةً، على ما مَضَى. وإن أَفْلَسَ بعدَ وَضْعِهَا، فقال القاضى: له الرُّجُوعُ فيهما بكلّ حالٍ، من غير تَفْصِيلٍ. والصَّحِيحُ أنَّنا إن قلْنَا: إن الحَمْلَ لا حُكْمَ له. فالوَلَدُ زِيَادَةٌ مُنْفَصِلَةٌ، فعلَى قولِ أبى بكرٍ، لا يَمْنَعُ الرُّجُوعَ فيهما، وعلى قولِ غيرِه، يكونُ الوَلَدُ للمُفْلِسِ، فيَحْتَملُ أن يَمْنعَ الرُّجُوعَ فى الأُمِّ؛ لئلَّا يُفْضِى إلى التَّفْرِيقِ بين الأمِّ وَوَلَدِها، ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يَرْجِعَ فى الأمِّ، ويَدْفَعَ قِيمَةَ الوَلَدِ؛ ليكونَا جَمِيعًا.

الحواشي

(١٦) تقدم تخريجه عند الترمذى فى صفحة ٢٢.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فيمن اشترى عبدًا فاستعمله ثم وجد به عيبا، من كتاب البيوع. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٢٥٤، ٢٥٥. والنسائى، فى: باب الخراج بالضمان، من كتاب البيوع. المجتبى ٧/ ٢٢٣. وابن ماجه، فى: باب الخراج بالضمان، من كتاب التجارات. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٥٤. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ٤٩، ٢٣٧.(١٧) فى النسخ: "حملها".

السابقمجلد 6 · صفحة 551التالي
السابق6·551التالي