unlike land and buildings. So if we say: "He does not reclaim," then there is no dispute. But if we say: "He reclaims," and he does so, and all parties agree to sell both of them, they are sold for them both, and each one takes according to his share. And if one of them refuses to sell, it is possible that he may be forced to do so, just as if the sold item was a garment and the buyer had dyed it; for the garment is sold for both of them, and so it is here. It is also possible that he is not forced, because it was possible for the one seeking the sale to sell his own property separately, unlike the dyed garment. If they are sold for both, they divide the price according to the value proportions: the land is appraised without trees or buildings, then it is appraised with them both. Whatever constitutes the value of the land without plants or buildings, the seller receives his portion of the price from it, and whatever exceeds that belongs to the insolvent person and the creditors. And if we say: "The one who refuses is not forced to sell," or neither of them requests the sale, and they agree on how they should be between them, what they agreed upon is permissible. If they disagree, the land belongs to the seller, and the plants and buildings belong to the insolvent person and the creditors; they have the right to enter the land to irrigate the trees and harvest the fruit, but they do not have the right to enter for leisure or without need. The seller has the right to enter it to plant and for whatever else he wishes, because the land belongs to him and is his property. And if they sell the trees and buildings to a person, his ruling regarding that is their ruling. And if the insolvent person and the creditors, or the buyer from them, offer the value of the land to the seller so that he may yield it to them, he is not obligated to do so, because the land is the foundation, so he is not forced to sell it, unlike the plants and buildings that are upon it.
Section: If he bought plants and planted them in his land, then became insolvent, and the plants did not increase, he has the right to reclaim them, because he has found his property in its original state. And if he takes them, he must level the land and provide compensation for its decrease that occurred due to his action, because it is a decrease that occurred in order to reclaim his property from the property of another. And if the insolvent person and the creditors offer him their value so that they may own them by that means, he is not forced to accept it, because he has chosen to take his property, vacate their property, and remove his harm from them, so they have no right to prevent him, just like the buyer.
(21) Omitted from M. (22) In M: "by uprooting it".
بِخِلَافِ الأرْضِ والبِناءِ (٢١)، فإذا قُلْنا: لا يَرْجِعُ. فلا كَلَامَ. وإن قُلْنا: يَرْجِعُ. فَرَجَعَ، واتَّفَقَ الجَمِيعُ على بَيْعِهِما، بِيعَا لهما، وأخَذَ كلُّ واحِدٍ بِقَدْرِ حَقِّه. وإن امْتَنَعَ أحَدُهما من البَيْعِ، احْتَمَلَ أن يُجْبَرَ عليه، كما لو كان المَبِيعُ ثَوْبًا، فصَبَغَهُ المُشْتَرِى، فإنَّ الثَّوْبَ يُبَاعُ لهما، كذا هاهُنا. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن لا يُجْبَرَ؛ لأنَّه أمْكَنَ طَالِبُ البَيْعِ أن يَبِيعَ مِلْكَهُ مُفْرَدًا، بِخِلَافِ الثَّوبِ المَصْبُوغِ، فإن بِيعَا لهما، قَسَمَا الثَّمَنَ على قَدْرِ القِيمَتَيْنِ، فتُقَوَّمُ الأَرْضُ غيرَ ذاتِ شَجَرٍ ولا بِنَاءٍ، ثم تُقَوَّمُ وهما فيها، فما كان قِيمَةَ الأرْضِ بغير غِرَاسٍ ولا بِنَاءٍ، فلِلْبَائِعِ قِسْطُه من الثَّمَنِ، وما زَادَ فهو لِلْمُفْلِسِ والغُرَمَاءِ. وإن قُلْنا: لا يُجْبَرُ المُمْتَنِعُ على البَيْعِ. أو لم يَطْلُبْ أحَدُهما البَيْعَ. فَاتَّفَقَا على كَيْفِيَّةِ كَوْنِهِما بينهما، جَازَ ما اتَّفَقَا عليه، وإن اخْتَلَفَا، كانت الأرْضُ لِلْبَائِعِ، والغِرَاسُ والبِنَاءُ لِلْمُفْلِسِ والغُرَمَاءِ، ولهم دُخُولُ الأَرْضِ لِسَقْىِ الشَّجَرِ وأخْذِ الثَّمرَةِ، وليس لهم دُخُولُها لِلتَّفَرُّجِ ولغيرِ حَاجَةٍ، ولِلْبَائِعِ دُخُولُها لِلزَّرْعِ، ولما شَاءَ؛ لأنَّ الأَرْضَ له ومِلْكُه. وإن بَاعُوا الشَّجَرَ والبِنَاءَ لإِنْسَانٍ، فحُكْمُه فى ذلك حُكْمُهم. ولو بَذَلَ المُفْلِسُ والغُرَمَاءُ، أو المُشْتَرِى منهم، قِيمَةَ الأَرْضِ لِلْبَائِعِ، لِيَدْفَعَها لهم، لم يَلْزَمْهُ ذلك؛ لأنَّ الأرْضَ أصْلٌ، فلا يُجْبَرُ على بَيْعِها، بِخِلافِ ما فيها من الغَرْسِ والبِنَاءِ.
فصل: إذا اشْتَرَى غِرَاسًا، فَغَرَسَهُ فى أَرْضِه، ثم أَفْلَسَ، ولم يَزِدِ الغِرَاسُ، فله الرُّجُوعُ فيه، لأنَّه أدْرَكَ مَتَاعَهُ بِعَيْنِه. وإذا أخَذَه، فعليه تَسْوِيَةُ الأَرْضِ، وأَرْشُ نَقْصِهَا الحاصِلُ بِفِعْلِه (٢٢)، لأنَّه نَقْصٌ حَصَلَ لِتَخْلِيصِ مِلْكِه من مِلْكِ غيره. وإن بَذَلَ المُفْلِسُ والغُرَمَاءُ له قِيمَتَهُ، لِيَمْلِكُوه بذلك، لم يُجْبَرْ على قَبُولِها؛ لأنَّه اخْتَارَ أخْذَ مَالِه، وتَفْرِيغَ مِلْكِهِم، وإزَالَةَ ضَرَرِه عنهم، فلم يكُنْ لهم مَنْعُه، كالمُشْتَرِى
(٢١) سقط من: م.(٢٢) فى م: "بقلعه".