if he planted it in the land subject to pre-emption (shuf'ah). If he refuses to uproot them, then if they offer him the value so that the insolvent person may own them, or if they wish to uproot them while guaranteeing the decrease in value caused by the uprooting, they have the right to do so. The same applies if they wish to uproot them without guaranteeing the decrease; because the insolvent person only bought them to be uprooted, so he is not obligated to keep them in his land. It is said: They do not have the right to uproot them without guaranteeing the decrease, because it is a planting done by right, so it resembles the insolvent person's planting in land he bought when its seller reclaims it. The difference between the two is clear: for keeping the plants in this scenario is a right that the seller is entitled to, so it is not obligatory upon him by his own action. In the previous scenario, keeping them is a right the planter is entitled to, so it became his right by virtue of his planting in his own property. If some of them choose to uproot and others choose to keep them, the opinion of those requesting the uprooting is given precedence, whether it is the insolvent person, the creditors, or some of the creditors; because keeping them is a harm that is not mandatory, so the one who refuses it cannot be compelled to accept it. If the plants increase in value while in the land, that is an attached increase which prevents reclaiming according to the view of al-Khiraqi, but does not prevent it according to the narration of al-Maymuni.
Section: If he bought land from a man and plants from another, then planted them in it, then became insolvent and the trees did not increase, each of them has the right to reclaim his specific property. The owner of the land has the right to uproot the plants without guaranteeing the decrease in their value caused by the uprooting, as we have mentioned, because the seller only sold them to be uprooted, so he is not entitled to them except in that state. If the seller of the plants wishes to uproot them from the land and does so, he must level the excavation and guarantee the decrease in the land's value resulting from it, for the reasons previously mentioned. If the owner of the plants offers the value of the land to its owner so that he may own it, he is not compelled to do so, because the land is the foundation, and he is not compelled to sell it as a consequence. If the owner of the land offers the value of the plants to own them when the owner refuses to uproot them, he has that right; because the planting occurred on the property of another by right, so it resembles the insolvent person's planting in the seller's land. It is also possible that he does not have the right to own them, because he is not compelled to keep them if he refuses to pay their value or the compensation for the decrease, so he would not have the right to acquire them by value, unlike the previous case. The first view is more appropriate, and this is invalidated by the planting of a usurper.
(23) In A, M: "for the plants".
إذا غَرَسَ فى الأرْضِ المَشْفُوعَةِ. وإن امْتَنَعَ من القَلْعِ، فبَذَلُوا له القِيمَةَ لِيَمْلِكَه المُفْلِسُ، أو أرَادُوا قَلْعَهُ وضَمَانَ النَّقْصِ، فلهم ذلك. وكذلك إذا أرَادُوا قَلْعَه من غير ضَمَان النَّقْصِ؛ لأنَّ المُفْلِسَ إنَّما ابْتَاعَهُ مَقْلُوعًا، فلم يَجِبْ عليه إبْقَاؤُه فى أرْضِه. وقيل: ليس لهم قَلْعُه من غيرِ ضَمَانِ النَّقْصِ، لأنَّه غرْسٌ بِحَقٍّ، فأشْبَهَ غَرسَ المُفْلِسِ فى الأَرْضِ التى ابْتَاعَها إذا رَجَعَ بَائِعُها فيها. والفَرْقُ بينهما ظَاهِرٌ، فإنَّ إِبْقَاءَ الغِرَاسِ فى هذه الصُّورَةِ حَقٌّ عليه، فلم يَجِبْ عليه بِفِعْلِه، وفى التى قبلَها إبْقَاؤُه حَقٌّ له فوَجَبَ له بِغِرَاسِه فى مِلْكِه. فإن اخْتَارَ بعضُهم القَلْعَ، وبعضُهم التَّبْقِيَةَ، قُدِّمَ قَوْلُ مَن طَلَبَ القَلْعَ، سواءٌ كان المُفْلِسَ أو الغُرَمَاءَ، أو بعضَ الغُرَمَاءِ؛ لأنَّ الإبقَاءَ ضَرَرٌ غيرُ واجِبٍ، فلم يَلْزَم المُمْتَنِعَ منه الإجَابَةُ إليه. وإن زَادَ الغِرَاسُ فى الأَرْضِ، فهى زِيَادَةٌ مُتَّصِلَةٌ، تَمْنَعُ الرُّجُوعَ على قولِ الخِرَقِىِّ، ولا تَمْنَعُه على رِوَايَةِ المَيْمُونِىِّ.
فصل: وإن اشْتَرَى أرْضًا من رَجُلٍ، وغِرَاسًا من آخَرَ، فغَرَسَهُ فيها، ثم أفْلَسَ ولم يَزِد الشَّجَرُ، فلِكُلِّ واحدٍ منهما الرُّجُوعُ فى عَيْنِ مَالِه، ولِصَاحِبِ الأرْضِ قَلْعُ الغِرَاسِ من غير ضَمَانِ نَقْصِه بالقَلْعِ، على ما ذَكَرْنَا، لأنَّ البَائِعَ إنَّما بَاعَهُ مَقْلُوعًا، فلا يَسْتَحِقُّه إلَّا كذلك. وإن أرَادَ بَائِعُه قَلْعَه من الأَرْضِ، فقَلَعَهُ، فعليه تَسْوِيَةُ الحَفْرِ، وضَمَانُ نَقْصِها الحاصِلِ به؛ لما تَقَدَّمَ. وإن بَذَلَ صَاحِبُ الغِرَاسِ قِيمَةَ الأرْضِ لِصَاحِبِها لِيَمْلِكَه، لم يُجْبَرْ على ذلك؛ لأنَّ الأَرْضَ أصْلٌ، فلا يُجْبَرُ على بَيْعِها تَبَعًا. وإن بَذَلَ صَاحِبُ الأَرْضِ قِيمَةَ الغِراسِ (٢٣)، لِيَمْلِكَه إذا امْتَنَعَ من القَلْعِ، فله ذلك؛ لأنَّ غَرْسَه حَصَلَ فى مِلْكِ غيرِه بِحَقٍّ، فأشْبَهَ غَرْسَ المُفْلِسِ فى أرْضِ البائِعِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن لا يَمْلِكَ ذلك؛ لأنَّه لا يُجْبَرُ على إِبْقَائِه إذا امْتَنَعَ من دَفْعِ قِيمَتِه، أو أرْشِ نَقْصِه، فلا يكونُ له أن يَتَمَلَّكَه بالقِيمَةِ، بِخِلَافِ التى قبلَها. والأُولَى أوْلَى. وهذا يَنْتَقِضُ بِغَرْسِ الغَاصِبِ.
(٢٣) فى أ، م: "للغراس".