-peace and blessings of Allah be upon him- to Ka'b and said: "Have you given her permission to give her jewelry as charity?" He said: Yes. So the Messenger of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be upon him- accepted it. Reported by Ibn Majah. He also reported from 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb, from his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be upon him- said in a sermon he delivered: "It is not permissible for a woman to give a gift [from her wealth] except with the permission of her husband, [for he is the master of her matrimonial bond]." Reported by Abu Dawud with this wording. From 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr, that the Messenger of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be upon him- said: "It is not permissible for a woman to give a gift except with the permission of her husband." And because the husband's right is attached to her wealth; for the Prophet -peace and blessings of Allah be upon him- said: "A woman is married for her wealth, her beauty, and her religion." Customarily, a husband increases her dowry because of her wealth, enjoys it, and benefits from it. So, if he becomes insolvent regarding maintenance, she grants him respite. Thus, this is treated like the rights of heirs that are attached to the wealth of a sick person. As for our evidence, it is His saying, the Almighty: "Then if you perceive in them sound judgment, hand over their wealth to them." This is explicit in lifting the interdiction from them and authorizing them in their transactions. It is established that the Prophet -peace and blessings of Allah be upon him- said: "O women, give charity, even if it is from your jewelry." And they gave charity, and he accepted their charity and did not inquire or demand detail. Zaynab, the wife of 'Abdullah, and another woman also named Zaynab came to him and asked him regarding charity, whether it would count for them
(4) In: Chapter on a woman's gift without her husband's permission, from the Book of Gifts. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/798. (5) Omitted from: A, B, M. (6) In: Chapter on a woman's gift without her husband's permission, from the Book of Sales. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/263. It was also recorded by al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on a woman's gift without her husband's permission, from the Book of Zakat, and in the same chapter, from the Book of Life-long Grant (al-'Umra). Al-Mujtaba 5/49, 6/236. And Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 2/179, 184, 207. (7) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on equals in religion..., from the Book of Marriage. Sahih al-Bukhari 7/9. And Muslim, in: Chapter on the recommendation to marry one who is religious, from the Book of Suckling. Sahih Muslim 2/1086. And Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on what is commanded regarding marrying a religious woman, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/472. And al-Nasa'i, in: Chapter on the detestability of marrying adulteresses, from the Book of Marriage. Al-Mujtaba 6/56. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on marrying a religious woman, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/597. And al-Darimi, in: Chapter on a woman being married for four [qualities], from the Book of Marriage. Sunan al-Darimi 2/134. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/428, 3/80. (8) Surah an-Nisa, 6.
-صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- إلى كَعْبٍ، فقال: "هَلْ أَذِنْتَ لها أن تَتَصَدَّقَ بِحُلِيِّهَا؟ ". قال: نعم. فقَبِلَهُ رسولُ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-. رَوَاهُ ابنُ مَاجَه (٤). رَوَى أيضًا (٤) عن عَمْرِو بنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عن أبِيهِ، عن جَدِّه، أنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، قال فى خُطْبَةٍ خَطَبَها: "لا يَجُوزُ لِامْرَأَةٍ عَطِيَّةٌ [مِنْ مَالِها] (٥) إلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا؛ [إذ هُوَ مَالِكُ عِصْمَتِها". رواه أبو داودَ (٦) بلَفْظِه، عن عبد اللَّه بن عَمرٍو، أنَّ رسول اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، قال: "لا يَجُوزُ لامْرَأَةٍ عَطِيِّةٌ إلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِها] (٥). ولأنَّ حَقَّ الزَّوْجِ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَالِها، فإنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، قال: "تُنْكَحُ المَرأةُ لِمَالِها وجَمَالِها وَدِينِها" (٧). والعادَةُ أنَّ الزَّوْجَ يَزِيدُ فى مَهْرِها من أجْلِ مالِها، ويَتَبَسَّطُ فيه، ويَنْتَفِعُ به، فإذا أَعْسَرَ بالنَّفَقَةِ أَنْظَرَتْهُ، فجَرَى ذلك مَجْرَى حُقُوقِ الوَرَثَةِ المُتَعَلِّقَةِ بِمَالِ المَرِيضِ. ولَنا، قولُه تعالى: {فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ} (٨). وهو ظَاهِرٌ فى فَكِّ الحَجْرِ عنهم، وإطْلَاقِهم فى التَّصَرُّفِ، وقد ثَبَتَ أنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، قال: "يَا مَعْشَرَ النِّسَاءِ تَصَدَّقْنَ، ولَوْ مِنْ حُلِيِّكُنَّ". وأَنَّهُنَّ تَصَدَّقْنَ فقَبِلَ صَدَقَتَهُنَّ ولم يَسْأَلْ ولم يَسْتَفْصِلْ. وأَتَتْهُ زَيْنَبُ امْرَأَةُ عبدِ اللَّه، وامْرَأَةٌ أُخْرَى اسْمُها زَيْنَبُ، فسَأَلَتْهُ عن الصَّدَقَةِ، هل يَجْزِيهِنَّ
(٤) فى: باب عطيَّة المرأة بغير إذن زوجها، من كتاب الهبات. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٩٨.(٥) سقط من: أ، ب، م.(٦) فى: باب فى عطيَّة المرأة بغير إذن زوجها، من كتاب البيوع. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٢٦٣.كما أخرجه النسائي، فى: باب عطيَّة المرأة بغير إذن زوجها، من كتاب الزكاة، وفى الباب نفسه، من كتاب العمرى. المجتبى ٥/ ٤٩، ٦/ ٢٣٦. والإِمام أحمد فى: المسند ٢/ ١٧٩، ١٨٤، ٢٠٧.(٧) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب الأكفاء فى الدين .. ، من كتاب النِّكاح. صحيح البخارى ٧/ ٩. ومسلم، فى: باب استحباب نكاح ذات الدين، من كتاب الرضاع. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ١٠٨٦. وأبو داود، فى: باب ما يؤمر به من تزويج ذات الدين، من كتاب النِّكاح. سنن أبي داود ١/ ٤٧٢. والنسائي، فى: باب كراهية تزويج الزناة، من كتاب النِّكاح. المجتبى ٦/ ٥٦. وابن ماجه، فى: باب تزويج ذات الدين، من كتاب النكاح. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٥٩٧. والدارمى، فى: باب تنكح المرأة على أربع، من كتاب النِّكاح. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ١٣٤. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٢/ ٤٢٨، ٣/ ٨٠.(٨) سورة النِّساء ٦.
