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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 6 · صفحة 96فصل

الترجمة · EN

Section: If one sells an item in which usury applies for something other than its genus, while containing something from the genus of what it is sold for—provided it is not intended—such as a house whose ceiling is gilded with gold, it is permissible. I do not know of any disagreement regarding this. Likewise, if he sells a house for a house where the ceiling of each is gilded with gold or silver, it is permissible, because the part in which usury applies is not intended by the sale; its presence is as its absence. Likewise, if he buys a slave who has property, and he stipulates [the inclusion of] his property while it is of the same genus as the price, it is permissible if the property is not intended. If he buys a slave for a slave, and each of them stipulates the property of the slave they are purchasing, it is permissible if the property was not intended, because it is not intended by the sale, so it resembles gilding on a ceiling; for this reason, its sight is not stipulated for the validity or binding nature of the sale. If he sells a sheep that has milk for milk, or with wool on it for wool, or sells a milch sheep for a milch sheep, or [a sheep] with wool for the like of it, there are two opinions. One of them is permissibility, chosen by Ibn Hamid, and it is the opinion of Abu Hanifa, whether the sheep is alive or slaughtered, because that in which usury applies is not intended, so it does not prevent it, like the house with the gilded ceiling. The second is prohibition, and this is the school of al-Shafi'i, because he sold usurious property for its origin from which it is derived, resembling an animal for meat. The difference between them is that the meat in the animal is intended, unlike milk. If the sheep were already milked of its milk, selling it for its like or for milk is permissible by a single opinion, because the milk has no effect and is not compensated by anything from the price, so it resembles the salt in sesame oil and bread and cheese, and barley grains in wheat; we know of no disagreement regarding this either. Likewise, if the separated milk is from a different genus than the sheep's milk, it is permissible in all cases. If he sells a palm tree with dates on it for dates, or for a palm tree with dates on it, there are also two opinions regarding it. One of them is permissibility, chosen by Abu Bakr, because the dates are not intended by the sale. The second is that it is not permissible. [The rationale for the two opinions] is what we mentioned in the preceding issue. The Judge chose the view that it is not permissible, and he differentiated between it and the milch sheep, based on the fact that it is valid to isolate the fruit for sale while it is known, unlike the milk in the sheep. This distinction is ineffective, for that which prevents [the sale] prevents it [in both cases], and if it is not valid to isolate it—like a decorated sword sold for the genus of its decoration—then that which does not prevent [the sale] does not prevent it, even if its isolation is valid, like the slave's property.

الحواشي

(19) In manuscript M: "fawajaduhu" (its presence). It is an error. (20) In manuscript M: "wa wajhuhu al-wajhan" (and its rationale is the two opinions).

العربية (المصدر)

فصل: وإنْ باعَ ما فيه الرِّبا بغيرِ جِنْسِه، ومعه من جِنْسِ ما بِيعَ به، إلَّا أنَّه غيرُ مَقْصُودٍ، كدَارٍ مُمَوَّهٍ سَقْفُها بالذَّهَبِ، جازَ. لا أعْلَمُ فيه خِلافًا. وكذلك لو باعَ دارًا بدارٍ مُمَوَّهٍ سَقْفُ كلِّ واحِدَةٍ منها بِذَهَبٍ أو فِضَّةٍ، جازَ؛ لأنَّ ما فيه الرِّبا غيرُ مَقْصُودٍ بِالبَيْعِ. فوُجُودُهُ (١٩) كعَدَمِهِ. وكذلك لو اشْتَرَى عَبْدًا له مالٌ، فاشْتَرَطَ مالَه وهو من جِنْسِ الثَّمَنِ، جازَ إذا كان المالُ غيرَ مَقْصُودٍ، ولو اشْتَرَى عَبدًا بِعبدٍ، واشْتَرَطَ كلُّ واحِدٍ منهما مالَ العَبدِ الذى اشْتَراهُ، جازَ إذا لم يَكُنْ مالُه مَقْصُودًا؛ لأنَّه غيرُ مَقْصودٍ بالبَيْعِ، فأشْبَه التَّمْوِيهَ فى السَّقْفِ، ولذلك لا تُشْتَرَطُ رُؤْيَتُه فى صِحَّةِ البَيْعِ ولا لُزُومِه، وإن باعَ شاةً ذاتَ لَبَنٍ بِلَبَنٍ، أو عليها صُوفٌ بِصُوفٍ، أو باعَ لَبُونًا بِلَبُونٍ، وذاتَ صُوفٍ بِمِثْلِها، ففيه وَجْهَانِ؛ أحَدُهما، الجَوازُ، اخْتَارهُ ابنُ حامِدٍ، وهو قولُ أبى حنيفةَ، وسواءٌ كانتِ الشَّاةُ حَيَّةً أو مُذَكَّاةً؛ لأنَّ ما فيه الرِّبا غيرُ مَقْصُودٍ، فلم يمنع، كالدَّارِ المُمَوَّهِ سَقْفُها. الثانى، المَنْعُ، وهو مذهبُ الشَّافِعِىِّ؛ لأنَّه باعَ مالَ الرِّبا بأصْلِه الذى فيه منه، أشْبَه الحَيَوانَ باللَّحْمِ، والفَرْقُ بينهما، أنَّ اللَّحْمَ فى الحَيوانِ مَقْصُودٌ بخِلافِ اللَّبَنِ، ولو كانتِ الشَّاةُ مَحْلُوبَةَ اللّبَنِ، جازَ بَيْعُها بمِثْلِها وباللَّبَنِ وَجْهًا واحِدًا؛ لأنَّ اللَّبَنَ لا أثَرَ له، ولا يُقابِلُه شىءٌ من الثَّمَنِ، فأشْبَه المِلْحَ فى الشَّيْرَجِ والخُبْزِ والجُبْنِ، وحَبَّاتِ الشَّعِيرِ فى الحِنْطَةِ، ولا نَعْلَمُ فيه أيضًا خِلافًا، وكذلك لو كان اللَّبَنُ المُنْفَرِدُ من غيرِ جِنْسِ لبَنِ الشَّاةِ، جازَ بكلِّ حالٍ. ولو باعَ نَخْلَةً عليها تَمْرٌ بِتَمْرٍ، أو بِنَخْلَةٍ عليها تَمْرٌ، ففيه أيضًا وجهانِ؛ أحَدُهُما، الجَوازُ. اخْتارَهُ أبو بكرٍ؛ لأنَّ التَّمْرَ غيرُ مَقْصُودٍ بِالبَيْعِ. والثانى، لا يَجوزُ. [ووَجْهُ الوَجْهَيْن] (٢٠) ما ذَكَرْنَاهُ فى المَسْأَلَةِ قبلَها. واخْتارَ القاضى أنَّه لا يجوزُ، وفَرَّقَ بينهما وبين الشَّاةِ ذاتِ اللَّبَنِ، بكَونِ الثَّمَرَةِ يَصِحُّ إفْرادُها بالبَيْعِ وهى مَعْلُومَةٌ، بخِلافِ اللَّبَنِ فى الشَّاةِ، وهذا الفَرْقُ غيرُ مُؤَثِّرٍ، فإنَّ ما يَمْنَعُ

الحواشي

(١٩) فى م: "فوجدوه". خطأ.(٢٠) فى م: "ووجهه الوجهان".

السابقمجلد 6 · صفحة 96التالي
السابق6·96التالي