ShamelaTranslate
بحث
تسجيل الدخول
ShamelaTranslate

© 2026 ShamelaTranslate. مشروع علمي مفتوح الوصول.

حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 7 · صفحة 101فصل

الترجمة · EN

The companions of Al-Shafiʿi have a disagreement similar to what we have mentioned. Our view is that he has delivered what he was conditioned to deliver in one place to another place, so he is not cleared, just as if he produced the object of the delivery (al-musallam fihi) in a place other than this location which he had stipulated. This is because he has delivered him in a location where he cannot establish proof due to the absence of his witnesses or other reasons, and he might flee from him, and he would not be able to apprehend him. This differs from the case where he produces him before the term, for there he accelerated the right before its term, thus granting him good, so if there is no harm in it, its acceptance is mandatory. If the suretyship occurs as an absolute (unrestricted) contract, it is mandatory to deliver him in the place of the contract, just like in a forward sale (salam). If he delivers him elsewhere, it is like delivering him in a place other than the one he specified. If the person guaranteed is imprisoned with someone other than the judge, he is not obligated to deliver him while imprisoned, because that imprisonment prevents him from realizing his right. If he is imprisoned by the judge, and he delivers him to him while imprisoned, he is obligated to accept the delivery, because the judge's imprisonment does not prevent him from realizing his right. When the judge demands his production, he brings him to his session, rules between them, then returns him to prison. If a right to the beneficiary of the suretyship becomes due against him, he shall imprison him for the first right and the right of the beneficiary of the suretyship.

Section: If he guarantees him until an unknown term, the suretyship is not valid. Al-Shafiʿi also stated this, because there is no time at which he is entitled to demand him, and the same applies to legal guarantee (daman). If he sets it until the harvest, the shearing, or the distribution (of the stipend), it is derived based on the two opinions, like the term in a sale. The preferred view is its validity here, because it is a charitable act without exchange, for which he set a term that does not prevent the realization of its intended purpose; therefore, it is valid.

الحواشي

(15) Omitted from MSS A and B. (16) In MS B: "delivers him" (tusallimuhu). (17) In MS B: "delivers him" (tusallimuhu). (18) In the original: "delivers him" (tusallimuhu). (19) In MS M: "or the right" (aw haqq). (20) In MS B: "with him" (bihi). (21) In the original: "the item sold" (al-mabiʿ). (22) In MS B: "its validity" (sihatuhu).

العربية (المصدر)

ولأَصْحابِ الشَّافِعِىِّ اخْتِلَافٌ على نحوِ ما ذَكَرْنا. ولَنا، أنَّه سَلَّمَ ما شَرَطَ تَسْلِيمَه في مكانٍ في غيرِه، فلم يَبْرَأْ، كما لو أحْضَرَ المُسَلَّمَ فيه في غير هذا (١٥) المَوْضِعِ الذي شَرَطَهُ، ولأنَّه قد سَلَّمَ (١٦) في مَوْضِعٍ لا يَقْدِرُ على إثْبَاتِ الحُجَّةِ فيه، لِغَيْبَةِ شُهُودِه، أو غيرِ ذلك، وقد يَهْرُبُ منه، ولا يَقْدِرُ على إمْسَاكِه، ويُفَارِقُ ما إذا أحْضَرَهُ قبلَ الأَجَلِ، فإنَّه عَجَّلَ الحَقَّ قبل أجَلِه، فَزادَه خَيْرًا، فإذا لم يكُنْ فيه ضَرَرٌ وَجَبَ قَبُولُه. وإن وَقَعَتِ الكَفَالَةُ مُطْلَقَةً، وَجَبَ تَسْلِيمُه في مكانِ العَقْدِ، كالسَّلَمِ. فإن سَلَّمَهُ في غيرِه، فهو كتَسْلِيمِه في غير المكانِ الذي عَيَّنَهُ. وإن كان المَكْفُولُ به مَحْبُوسًا عند غيرِ الحاكِمِ، لم يَلْزَمْهُ تَسْلِيمُه (١٧) مَحْبُوسًا؛ لأنَّ ذلك الحَبْسَ يَمْنَعُه اسْتِيفَاءَ حَقِّه. وإن كان مَحْبُوسًا عند الحاكِمِ، فسَلَّمَهُ إليه مَحْبُوسًا لَزِمَهُ تَسْلِيمُه (١٨)؛ لأنَّ حَبْسَ الحاكِمِ لا يَمْنَعُه اسْتِيفَاءَ حَقِّه. وإذا طَالَبَ الحاكِمُ بإِحْضَارِه، أحْضَرَهُ مَجْلِسَه، وحَكَمَ بينهما، ثم يَرُدُّه إلى الحَبْسِ. فإن تَوَجَّهَ عليه حَقٌّ لِلْمَكْفُولِ له، حَبَسَهُ بالحَقِّ الأَوَّلِ وحَقِّ (١٩) المَكْفُولِ له (٢٠).

فصل: وإن كَفَلَ إلى أجَلٍ مَجْهُولٍ، لم تَصِحَّ الكَفالةُ. وبهذا قال الشَّافِعِىُّ؛ لأنَّه ليس له وَقْتٌ يَسْتَحِقُّ مُطَالَبَتُه فيه، وهكذا الضَّمَانُ. وإن جَعَلَهُ إلى الحَصادِ والجِزَازِ والعَطَاءِ، خُرِّجَ على الوَجْهَيْنِ، كالأَجَلِ في البَيْعِ (٢١). والأَوْلَى صِحَّتُها (٢٢) هنا؛ لأنَّه تَبَرُّعٌ من غير عِوَضٍ، جَعَلَ له أجَلًا لا يَمْنَعُ من حُصُولِ المَقْصُودِ منه، فصَحَّ،

الحواشي

(١٥) سقط من: أ، ب.(١٦) في ب: "تسلمه".(١٧) في ب: "تسلمه".(١٨) في الأصل: "تسلمه".(١٩) في م: "أو حق".(٢٠) في ب: "به".(٢١) في الأصل: "المبيع".(٢٢) في ب: "صحته".

السابقمجلد 7 · صفحة 101التالي
السابق7·101التالي