The Book of Agency (Kitab al-Wakalah)
It is permissible according to the Quran, the Sunnah, and the consensus (ijma'). As for the Quran, it is the saying of Allah the Almighty: {Indeed, [prescribed] charities are only for the poor and the needy and those employed to collect them} (1). He permitted work on them, and that is by virtue of being a representative on behalf of the deserving. Also, His saying: {So send one of you with this silver coin of yours to the city and let him look which of them is best in food and bring you provision from it} (2). This is an agency. As for the Sunnah, Abu Dawud, al-Athram, and Ibn Majah (3) narrated from al-Zubayr ibn al-Khirrit, from Abu Labid Limazah ibn Zabbar, from Urwah al-Ja'd, who said: A herd (jalab) was presented to the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), so he gave me a dinar and said: "O Urwah, go to the herd and buy a sheep for us." He said: So I went to the herd and bargained with its owner and bought two sheep for a dinar. I then returned driving or leading them, and a man met me on the road and bargained with me, so I sold him one sheep for a dinar. I then came to the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) with the dinar and the sheep (4). I said: O Messenger of Allah, this is your dinar and this is your sheep. He said: "How did you manage?" He said: So I told him the story. He said: "O Allah, bless him in the transaction of his right hand." This is the wording of al-Athram's narration. Abu Dawud (5) narrated with his chain of transmission from Jabir ibn Abdullah, who said: I wanted to go out to Khaybar, so I went to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) and said to him (6): I have intended to go out to Khaybar. He said: "Go to my agent and take fifteen wasqs from him. If he demands proof from you, place your hand on his collarbone."
(1) Surah al-Tawbah 60. (2) Surah al-Kahf 19. (3) Its authentication has preceded in: 6/295. (4) In the original manuscript: "wa al-shat" (and the sheep). (5) In: Chapter on Agency, from the Book of Legal Decisions. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/282. (6) Omitted from: The original manuscript.
كتابُ الِوَكالةِ
وهى جائِزَةٌ بالكِتابِ والسُّنَّةِ والإِجْماعِ؛ أمَّا الكِتابُ فقولُ اللهِ تعالى: {إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا} (١). فجَوَّزَ العَمَلَ عليها، وذلك بحُكْمِ النِّيَابةِ عن المُسْتَحِقِّينَ، وأيضا قولُه تعالى: {فَابْعَثُوا أَحَدَكُمْ بِوَرِقِكُمْ هَذِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَلْيَنْظُرْ أَيُّهَا أَزْكَى طَعَامًا فَلْيَأْتِكُمْ بِرِزْقٍ مِنْهُ} (٢). وهذه وَكَالةٌ. وأما السُّنَّةُ، فرَوَى أبو دَاوُدَ، والأَثْرَمُ، وابنُ مَاجَه (٣)، عن الزُّبَيْرِ بن الْخِرِّيتِ، عن أبي لَبِيدٍ لِمَازَةَ بن زَبَّارٍ، عن عُرْوَةَ بن الجَعْدِ قال: عَرَضَ للنَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- جَلَبٌ، فأعْطَانِى دِينَارًا، فقال: "يَا عُرْوَةُ، ائْتِ الجَلَبَ، فَاشْتَرِ لَنَا شَاةً". قال: فأتَيْتُ الجَلَبَ، فسَاوَمْتُ صَاحِبَه، فاشْتَرَيْتُ شَاتَيْنِ بِدِينَارٍ، فجِئْتُ أسُوقُهُما، أو أقُودُهُما، فلَقِيَنِى رَجُلٌ بالطَّرِيقِ، فسَاوَمَنِى، فَبِعْتُ منه شَاةً بِدِينَارٍ، فأتَيْتُ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- بالدِّينارِ وبالشَّاةِ (٤). فقلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، هذا دِينَارُكم، وهذه شَاتُكم. قال: "وصَنَعْتَ كَيْفَ؟ ". قال: فحَدَّثْتُه الحَدِيثَ. قال: "اللَّهُمَّ بارِكْ لَهُ في صَفْقَةِ يَمِينِه". هذا لَفْظُ رِوَايةِ الأَثْرَمِ. ورَوَى أبو دَاوُدَ (٥)، بإسْنادِه عن جابِرِ بن عبدِ اللَّه، قال: أرَدْتُ الخُرُوجَ إلى خَيْبَر، فأتَيْتُ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فقلتُ له (٦): إنِّي أرَدْتُ الخُرُوجَ إلى خَيْبَرٍ. فقال: "ائْتِ وَكِيلِى، فَخُذْ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ وَسْقًا، فَإنِ ابْتَغَى مِنْكَ آيةً، فَضَعْ يَدَكَ
(١) سورة التوبة ٦٠.(٢) سورة الكهف ١٩.(٣) تقدم تخريجه في: ٦/ ٢٩٥.(٤) في الأصل: "والشاة".(٥) في: باب في الوكالة، من كتاب الأقضية. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٢٨٢.(٦) سقط من: الأصل.
