its replacement, just as if he usurped a slave and he fled. It is said: He has no right to demand the replacement, because he does not claim it. If he says: "You usurped a new slave from me," and he says: "Rather, it was an old one," the statement is that of the usurper; because the basic principle is that the new one was not incumbent, and the owner may demand the old one; because it is less than his right.
Section: If he sells a slave, and a person claims against the seller that he usurped the slave from him, and he establishes evidence for that, the sale is invalidated, and the buyer may seek recourse against the seller for its price. If there is no evidence, and both the seller and the buyer admit to it, it is as if evidence had been established for it. If the seller alone admits to it, it is not accepted regarding the buyer; because his admission is not accepted against someone else, and the value becomes binding upon the seller; because he intervened between him and his property, and the slave is left in the hands of the buyer; because he is the owner in appearance, and the seller has the right to make him swear an oath. Then, if the seller has not received the price, he has no right to demand it from the buyer; because he does not claim it. It is possible that he has the right to demand the lesser of the two amounts, either the price or the value of the slave; because he claims the value against the buyer, and the buyer admits to him the price, so they have agreed on the entitlement to the lesser of the two amounts, thus it becomes binding. Their disagreement regarding the cause does not harm them after they have agreed on the ruling, just as if he said: "You owe me a thousand from the price of a sale," and he replied: "Rather, a thousand from a loan." If he has already received the price, the buyer has no right to reclaim it; because he does not claim it. Whenever the slave returns to the seller through annulment or otherwise, he must return it to its claimant, and he has the right to reclaim what he took from him. If the seller's admission occurred during his option period, the sale is annulled; because he has the right to annul it, so his admission to what he annuls is accepted. If the buyer alone admits to it, he is obligated to return the slave, and his admission is not accepted against the seller, nor does he have the right to seek recourse against him for the price if he had already received it, and he is obligated to pay it to him if he had not received it. If the buyer establishes evidence for what he admitted to, it is accepted, and he has the right to seek recourse for the price.
(51) In the original, there is an addition: "of the price". (52) In B: "to". (53) In the original: "it becomes binding on him". (54) In M: "upon him".
بَدَلُها، كما لو غَصَبَ عَبْدًا فأَبَقَ. وقيل: لَيْسَ له المُطَالَبَةُ بالبَدَلِ؛ لأنَّه لا يدَّعِيهِ. وإن قال: غَصَبْتَ مِنِّى حَدِيثًا. فقال: بل عَتِيقًا. فالقولُ قولُ الغاصِبِ؛ لأنَّ الأَصْلَ عَدَمُ وُجُوبِ الحَدِيثِ، ولِلْمَالِكِ المُطَالَبَةُ بالعَتِيقِ؛ لأنَّه دُونَ حَقِّه.
فصل: وإذا بَاعَ عَبْدًا، فَادَّعَى إِنْسانٌ على البائِعِ أنَّه غَصَبَهُ العَبْدَ، وأقَامَ بذلك بَيِّنَةً، انْتَقَضَ البَيْعُ، ورَجَعَ المُشْتَرِى على البائِعِ بِثَمَنِه، وإن لم تَكُنْ بَيِّنَةٌ، فأقَرَّ البائِعُ والمُشْتَرِى بذلك، فهو كما لو قامَتْ به بَيِّنةٌ. وإن أقَرَّ البائِعُ وَحْدَهُ، لم يُقْبَلْ في حَقِّ المُشْتَرِى؛ لأنَّه لا يُقْبَلُ إِقْرَارُه في حَقِّ غيرِه، ولَزِمَتِ البائِعَ قِيمَتُه؛ لأنَّه حالَ بينَه وبينَ مِلْكِه، ويُقَرُّ العَبْدُ في يَدِ المُشْتَرِى؛ لأنَّه مِلْكُه في الظَّاهِرِ، وللبائِعِ إِحْلَافُه، ثم إن كان البائِعُ لم يَقْبِضِ الثَّمَنَ، فليس له مُطَالَبَة المُشْتَرِى به؛ لأنَّه لا يَدَّعِيه. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يَمْلِكَ مُطَالَبَتَهُ بأَقَلِّ الأَمْرَيْنِ من الثَّمَنِ أو قِيمَة العَبْدِ؛ لأنَّه يَدَّعِى القِيمَةَ على المُشْتَرِى، والمُشْتَرِى يُقِرُّ له بالثَّمَنِ، فقد اتَّفَقَا على اسْتِحْقَاقِ أقَلِّ الأَمْرَيْنِ (٥١)، فوَجَبَ، ولا يَضُرُّ اخْتِلَافُهُما في السَّبَبَ بعدَ اتِّفَاقِهِمَا على حُكْمِه، كما لو قال: عَلَيْكَ أَلْفٌ من ثَمَنِ البَيْعِ. فقال: بل أَلْفٌ من قَرْضٍ. وإن كان قد قَبَضَ الثَّمَنَ، فليس لِلْمُشْتَرِى اسْتِرْجَاعُه؛ لأنَّه لا يَدَّعِيه. ومتى عَادَ العَبْدُ إلى البائِعِ بِفَسْخٍ أو غيرِه، وَجَبَ عليه رَدُّهُ على (٥٢) مُدَّعِيه، وله اسْتِرْجَاعُ ما أَخَذَ منه. وإن كان إِقْرَارُ البائِعِ في مُدَّةِ الخِيَارِ له، انْفَسَخَ البَيْعُ؛ لأنَّه يَمْلِكُ فَسْخَه، فقُبِلَ إِقْرَارُه بما يَفْسَخُه. وإن أقَرَّ المُشْتَرِى وَحْدَه، لَزِمَهُ رَدُّ العَبْدِ ولم يُقْبَلْ إِقْرَارُه على البائِعِ، ولا يَمْلِكُ الرُّجُوعَ عليه بالثَّمَنِ، إن كان قَبَضَهُ، ويَلْزَمُه (٥٣) دَفْعُه إليه (٥٤) إن كان لم يَقْبِضْهُ. وإن أقَامَ المُشْتَرِى بَيِّنَةً بما أَقَرَّ به، قُبِلَتْ، وله
(٥١) في الأصل زيادة: "من الثمن".(٥٢) في ب: "إلى".(٥٣) في الأصل: "ولزمه".(٥٤) في م: "عليه".