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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 7 · صفحة 426فصل

الترجمة · EN

not show it, this is because everything they believe to be lawful in their religion, which contains no harm to Muslims—such as disbelief, drinking wine and possessing it, and marrying those within forbidden degrees (maharim)—we are not permitted to interfere with them regarding it, as long as they do not show it; for we have committed ourselves to allowing them to remain upon it in our domain, so we do not interfere with them in that which we have committed to leave alone. However, whatever they show of that, it becomes incumbent to forbid it to them. If it is wine, its spilling is lawful; if they show a cross or a lute, it is lawful to break it; if they show their disbelief, they are disciplined for that; and they are prevented from showing anything that is forbidden to the Muslims.

Section: If one usurps wine from a Dhimmi, he is obligated to return it, because he is permitted to keep it for drinking. If he usurps it from a Muslim, he is not obligated to return it, and it is mandatory to spill it, because Abu Talha asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, about orphans who inherited wine, and he ordered him to spill it. If he destroys it, or it perishes while in his possession, he is not obligated to compensate for it, because Ibn Abbas narrated from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "When Allah prohibits a thing, He prohibits its price." Also, because whatever has been prohibited from being benefited from, it is not mandatory to compensate for it, like dead animals and blood. If he keeps it in his possession until it becomes vinegar, he is obligated to return it to its owner, because it has become vinegar in a state of his ownership, so it is mandatory to return it to him. If it perishes, he is liable for it, because it is wealth belonging to the one who was usurped, which perished in the possession of the usurper. If he spills it and someone collects it, and it turns into vinegar in his possession, he is not obligated to return the vinegar, because he took it after it had been destroyed and the ownership had ceased.

الحواشي

(8) In B: "and his trading of it". (9) Omitted from B. (10) Narrated by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on what has been narrated regarding wine that turns to vinegar, from the Book of Drinks, Sunan Abi Dawud 2/293. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 3/119, 180, 260. (11) Narrated by Muslim, in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of Selling Wine, from the Book of Partnership, Sahih Muslim 3/1206. And al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on Selling Wine, from the Book of Sales, al-Mujtaba 7/271. And al-Darimi, in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of Wine and Purchasing it, from the Book of Drinks, and in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of Selling Wine, from the Book of Sales, Sunan al-Darimi 2/114, 256. And Imam Malik, in: The Chapter on the General Prohibition of Wine, from the Book of Drinks, al-Muwatta 2/846. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 1/230, 244, 324, 358.

العربية (المصدر)

لا يُظْهِرُونَهُ، فلأَنَّ كلَّ ما اعْتَقَدُوا حِلَّهُ في دِينِهِمْ، ممَّا لا أَذَى لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فيه، من الكُفْرِ، وشُرْبِ الخَمْرِ واتِّخاذِه (٨)، ونِكَاحِ ذَوَاتِ المَحَارِمِ، لا يجوزُ لنا التَّعَرُّضُ لهم (٩) فيه، إذا لم يُظْهِرُوهُ، لأنَّنا الْتَزَمْنَا إِقْرَارَهم عليه في دَارِنَا، فلا نَعْرِضُ لهم فيما الْتَزَمْنَا تَرْكَه، وما أَظْهَرُوهُ من ذلك، تَعَيَّنَ إِنْكارُه عليهم، فإن كان خَمْرًا جَازَتْ إِرَاقَتُه، وإن أَظْهَرُوا صَلِيبًا أو طُنْبُورًا جَازَ كَسْرُه، وإن أَظْهَرُوا كُفْرَهُم أُدِّبُوا على ذلك، ويُمْنَعُونَ من إِظْهَارِ ما يُحَرَّمُ على المسلمين.

فصل: وإن غَصَبَ من ذِمِّيٍّ خَمْرًا، لَزِمَهُ رَدُّها؛ لأنَّه يُقَرُّ على شُرْبِهَا. وإن غَصَبَها من مُسْلِمٍ، لم يَلْزَمْ رَدُّها، ووَجَبَتْ إرَاقَتُها؛ لأنَّ أبا طَلْحَةَ سَأَلَ رَسولَ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- عن أَيْتَامٍ ورِثُوا خَمْرًا، فأمَرَهُ بإِرَاقَتِها (١٠). وإن أَتْلَفَها أو تَلِفَتْ عندَه، لم يَلْزَمْهُ ضَمَانُها؛ لأنَّ ابنَ عَبَّاسٍ رَوَى عن النبيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أنَّه قال: "إنَّ اللهَ إذَا حَرَّمَ شَيْئًا حَرَّمَ ثَمَنَهُ" (١١). ولأنَّ ما حُرِّمَ الانْتِفَاعُ به، لم يَجِبْ ضَمَانُه، كالمَيْتَةِ والدَّمِ. فإن أمْسَكَها في يَدِه حتى صَارَتْ خَلًّا، لَزِمَ رَدُّها على صَاحِبِها؛ لأنَّها صارَتْ خَلًّا، على حُكْمِ مِلْكِه، فلَزِمَ رَدُّها إليه، فإن تَلِفَتْ، ضَمِنَها له؛ لأنَّها مالٌ لِلْمَغْصُوبِ منه تَلِفَ في يَدِ الغاصِبِ، وإن أرَاقَها فجَمَعَها إِنْسانٌ، فتَخَلَّلَتْ عندَه، لم يَلْزَمْهُ رَدُّ الخَلِّ؛ لأنَّه أخَذَها بعدَ إِتْلَافِها، وزَوَالِ اليَدِ عنها.

الحواشي

(٨) في ب: "واتجاره".(٩) سقط من: ب.(١٠) أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب ما جاء في الخمر تخلل، من كتاب الأشربة. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٢٩٣. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٣/ ١١٩، ١٨٠، ٢٦٠.(١١) أخرجه مسلم، في: باب تحريم بيع الخمر، من كتاب المساقاة. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٢٠٦. والنسائي، في: باب بيع الخمر، من كتاب البيوع. المجتبى ٧/ ٢٧١. والدارمى، في: باب النهى عن الخمر وشرائها، من كتاب الأشربة، وفى: باب في النهى عن بيع الخمر، من كتاب البيوع. سنن الدارمي ٢/ ١١٤، ٢٥٦. والإِمام مالك، في: باب جامع تحريم الخمر، من كتاب الأشربة. الموطأ ٢/ ٨٤٦. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ١/ ٢٣٠، ٢٤٤، ٣٢٤, ٣٥٨.

السابقمجلد 7 · صفحة 426التالي
السابق7·426التالي