In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
The Book of Reconciliation (Al-Sulh)
Reconciliation is a contract by which a resolution is reached between two disputing parties. It is classified into various types: reconciliation between Muslims and the people of war (Ahl al-Harb), reconciliation between the people of justice and the people of transgression (Ahl al-Baghy), and reconciliation between spouses when discord is feared between them. Allah the Almighty said: {And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two} (1), and He said: {And if a woman fears from her husband contempt or evasion, there is no sin upon them if they make terms of settlement between them - and settlement is best} (2). Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Reconciliation between Muslims is permissible, except for a reconciliation that prohibits a lawful matter or permits an unlawful one." This was recorded by al-Tirmidhi (3), who said it is a sound (hasan sahih) hadith. It is also narrated from Umar that he wrote to Abu Musa regarding the same. The Ummah has reached a consensus (4) on the permissibility of reconciliation in these types which we have mentioned, and for each one of them there is a separate chapter where its rulings are discussed. This chapter pertains to reconciliation between disputants regarding financial matters, and it is of two types: reconciliation based on admission and reconciliation based on denial. Al-Khiraqi did not
(1) Surah al-Hujurat: 9. (2) Surah al-Nisa': 128. (3) In: Chapter of what was mentioned regarding the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, concerning reconciliation among people, from the chapters of rulings. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 6/104. It was also recorded by Ibn Majah, in: Chapter of Reconciliation, from the Book of Rulings. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/788. Both are from 'Amr ibn 'Awf al-Muzani. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on Reconciliation, from the Book of Judiciary. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/273. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/366. Both are from Abu Hurayrah. (4) In [copies] B and M: "The Imams".
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
كتابُ الصُّلْحِ
الصُّلْحُ مُعاقَدةٌ يُتَوَصَّلُ بها إلَى الإِصْلَاحِ بَيْنَ المُخْتَلِفَيْنِ، ويَتنوَّعُ أَنْواعًا؛ صُلْحٌ بَيْنَ المُسْلِمينَ وأهْلِ الحَرْبِ، وصُلْحٌ بَيْنَ أهْلِ العَدْلِ وأهْلِ البَغْىِ، وصُلْحٌ بَيْنَ الزَّوْجيْنِ إذَا خِيفَ الشِّقَاقُ بيْنَهما، قال اللهُ تعالى: {وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا} (١)، وقال تعالى: {وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ} (٢). ورَوَى أبو هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسولَ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قال: "الصُّلْحُ بَيْنَ المُسْلِمين جَائِزٌ، إلَّا صُلْحًا حَرَّمَ حَلَالًا أَوْ أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا". أخْرَجَهُ التِّرْمِذِىُّ (٣)، وقال: حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. وَرُوِىَ عن عُمَرَ، أنَّه كَتَبَ إلى أبِى مُوسَى بمثلِ ذلك. وأَجْمَعَتِ الأُمَّةُ (٤) على جَوَازِ الصُّلْحِ فى هذه الأَنْوَاعِ التى ذَكَرْنَاهَا، ولِكُلِّ واحِدٍ منها بَابٌ يُفْرَدُ له، ويُذْكَرُ فيه أحْكامُه. وهذا البابُ لِلصُّلْحِ بَيْنَ المُتَخاصِمَيْنِ فى الأَمْوَالِ، وهو نَوْعَانِ؛ صُلْحٌ على إِقْرَارٍ، وصُلْحٌ على إِنْكَارٍ. ولَمْ
(١) سورة الحجرات ٩.(٢) سورة النساء ١٢٨.(٣) فى: باب ما ذكر عن رسول اللَّه -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فى الصلح بين الناس، من أبواب الأحكام. عارضة الأحوذى ٦/ ١٠٤.كما أخرجه ابن ماجه، فى: باب الصلح، من كتاب الأحكام. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٨٨. كلاهما عن عمرو بن عوف المزنى.وأخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى الصلح، من كتاب الأقضية. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٢٧٣. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٣٦٦. كلاهما عن أبى هريرة.(٤) فى ب، م: "الأئمة".
