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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 8 · صفحة 133فصل

الترجمة · EN

It contains baseness, so it is disliked, just like cupping. As for leasing in general, it is permissible because there is a pressing need for it, and that need cannot be fulfilled without the permissibility of leasing, so it is obligatory for it to be permissible, just as cupping is.

Section: It is not permissible for a man to lease his house to someone who will use it as a synagogue, a church, or for the sale of wine or gambling. The group [of scholars] held this view. Abu Hanifah said: If your house is in the Sawad (rural districts), there is no harm in leasing it for that purpose. His two companions disagreed with him, and his followers differed in the interpretation of his statement. Our position is that it is a prohibited act, so leasing for it is not permissible, just like leasing one's slave for immoral acts. If a dhimmi (protected non-Muslim) rents a house from a Muslim and intends to sell wine in it, the owner of the house has the right to prevent him. Al-Thawri held this view. The proponents of reason (Ashab al-Ra'y) said: If his house (41) is in the Sawad or the mountains, he may do as he wishes. Our position is that it is a prohibited act, so it is permissible to prohibit it in the city (misr), and thus it is permissible in the Sawad, like the killing of a prohibited soul.

Section: The third category is that which is prohibited to sell, except for the free person, the waqf, the umm al-walad (mother of a child by her master), and the mudabbar (slave promised freedom upon master's death), as it is permissible to lease them even if it is prohibited to sell them. As for anything else, its leasing is not permissible, whether it is something (42) that cannot be delivered, such as a runaway slave, an untamed camel, a stray beast, or property usurped from someone other than the usurper (43) by someone who is unable to seize it from him; it is not permissible to lease it because it is not possible to deliver the subject of the contract. If it is something whose characteristics are unknown, its leasing is not permissible, according to the apparent [view] of the Madhhab. Or if it is something in which there is no benefit, such as beasts of prey or birds that are not fit for hunting. It is not permissible to lease a dog or a pig under any circumstances. It is inferred that it is permissible to lease a dog that is permitted to be kept, because there is a permissible benefit in it that makes its lending permissible (44), so its leasing (45) is permissible.

الحواشي

(41) In the original: "baytuka" (your house). (42) In B, M: "mimman" (from whom). (43) In B, M there is an addition: "aw" (or). (44) In M: "la ijaratuhu" (his leasing of it). (45) In M there is an addition: "lahu" (for it).

العربية (المصدر)

فيه دَنَاءَةً، فكُرِه، كالحِجَامةِ، فأمَّا الإِجَارَةُ في الجُمْلةِ، فجائِزَةٌ؛ لأنَّ الحاجةَ داعِيَةٌ إليها، فلا تَنْدَفِعُ بدون إباحَةِ الإِجَارةِ، فوَجَبَ إبَاحَتُها، كالحِجَامةِ.

فصل: ولا يجوزُ للرَّجُلِ إجَارَةُ دَارِه لمن يَتَّخِذُها كَنِيسةً، أو بِيعَةً، أو يَتَّخِذُها لِبَيْعِ الخَمْرِ، أو القِمَارِ. وبه قال الجماعةُ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: إن كان بَيْتُكَ في السَّوَادِ، فلا بَأْسَ أن تُؤجِرَه لذلك. وخَالَفَه صاحِباهُ، واخْتَلَفَ أصْحابُه في تَأْوِيلِ قوْلِه. ولَنا، أنَّه فِعْلٌ مُحَرَّمٌ، فلم تَجُزِ الإِجَارَةُ عليه، كإجَارةِ عَبْدِه لِلْفُجُورِ. ولو اكْتَرَى ذِمِّىٌّ من مُسلِمٍ دارَه، فأرَادَ بَيْعَ الخَمْرِ فيها، فلِصَاحِبِ الدارِ مَنعُه. وبذلك قال الثَّوْرِىُّ. وقال أصْحابُ الرَّأى: إن كان بَيْتُه (٤١) في السَّوَادِ والجَبَلِ، فله أن يَفْعَلَ ما شاءَ. ولَنا، أنَّه فِعْلٌ مُحَرَّمٌ، جازَ المَنْعُ منه في المِصْرِ، فجازَ في السَّوَادِ، كقَتْلِ النَّفْسِ المُحَرَّمةِ.

فصل: القسم الثالث، ما يَحْرُمُ بَيْعُه، إلَّا الحُرَّ والوَقْفَ وأُمَّ الوَلَدِ والمُدَبَّرَ، فإنَّه يجوزُ إجَارَتُها، وإن حَرُمَ بَيْعُها، وما عدا ذلك فلا تجوزُ إجَارَتُه، سواءٌ كان ممَّا (٤٢) لا يَقْدِرُ على تَسْلِيمِه، كالعَبْدِ الآبِقِ، والجَمَلِ النّادِّ، والبَهِيمةِ الشّارِدَةِ، والمَغْصُوبِ من غيرِ غاصِبِه (٤٣) ممَّن لا يَقْدِرُ على انْتِزَاعِه منه، فإنه لا تجوزُ إجَارَتُه؛ لأنَّه لا يمكنِ تَسْلِيمُ المَعْقُودِ عليه. وإن كان ممَّا تُجْهَلُ صِفَتُه، فإنَّه لا تجوزُ إجَارَتُه، في ظاهِرِ المَذْهَبِ. أو كان ممَّن لا نَفْعَ فيه، كسِبَاعِ البَهائِمِ، أو الطَّيْرِ التي لا تَصْلُحُ للاصْطِيادِ. ولا تجوزُ إجارَةُ الكَلْبِ، ولا الخِنْزِيرِ، بحالٍ. ويَتَخَرَّجُ جوازُ إجَارَةِ الكَلْبِ الذي يُبَاحُ اقْتِنَاؤُه؛ لأنَّ فيه نَفعًا مُباحًا تجوزُ إعارتُه (٤٤)، فجازَتْ إجَارَتُه (٤٥)

الحواشي

(٤١) في الأصل: "بيتك".(٤٢) في ب، م: "ممن".(٤٣) في ب، م زيادة: "أو".(٤٤) في م: "له إجارته".(٤٥) في م زيادة: "له".

السابقمجلد 8 · صفحة 133التالي
السابق8·133التالي