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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 8 · صفحة 19فصل

الترجمة · EN

For the lessor, when he receives the wage, benefits from all of it, unlike the lessee, for he does not obtain the full utilization of the benefit. We respond: This is not impossible, just as if they both stipulated acceleration, or if the price was a specific tangible asset.

Section: The sixth ruling is that if one stipulates the deferment of the wage, it is due at its specified time. If one stipulates that it be paid in installments, day by day, month by month, or less or more than that, it is according to what they both agreed upon; because leasing a tangible asset is like selling it, and its sale is valid with a prompt or deferred price, so too is its leasing.

Section: If the lessee has utilized the benefits, the wage is established; because he has taken possession of the object of the contract, so the substitute becomes due upon him, just as if he had taken possession of the sold item. If the tangible asset which was the subject of the lease is delivered to him, and the period passes, and there is no barrier preventing him from utilizing it, the wage is established even if he did not utilize it; because the object of the contract perished under his possession, and it was his right, so its substitute is established upon him, like the price of a sold item if it perishes in the buyer's possession. If the lease is for a task, and he takes possession of the object of the contract, and a period passes in which it is possible to utilize the benefit, such as if he hires a beast to ride to Homs, takes possession of it, and a period passes during which it is possible to ride it, our companions said: The wage is established upon him. This is the school of al-Shafi'i; because the benefits perished under his possession by his choice, so the liability is established upon him, just as if the asset had perished in the buyer's possession, and as if the lease were for a period and it passed. Abu Hanifah said: The wage is not established upon him until he utilizes the benefit; because it is a contract for a benefit not fixed by time, so its substitute is not established before utilizing it, like the wage for a shared hireling (ajir mushtarak). If he offers the delivery of the asset, and the lessee does not take it until the period expires, the wage is established upon him; because the benefits perished by his choice during the lease period, so the wage is established upon him, as if it were in his possession. If he offers the delivery of the asset, and the lease is for a task, our companions said: When a period passes in which it is possible

الحواشي

(51) In the original: "sharata" (stipulated, masculine), corrected to "sharata" (stipulated, dual). (52) In the original, there is an addition: "kama law" (just as if). (53) In the original: "fi al-ajir" (in the hireling), corrected to "li al-ajir" (for the hireling).

العربية (المصدر)

فإنَّ المُؤْجِرَ إذا قَبَضَ الأجْرَ، انتفَعَ به كلِّه، بخِلَافِ المُسْتَأْجِرِ، فإنَّه لا يَحْصُلُ له اسْتِيفَاءُ المَنْفَعةِ كلِّها. قلْنا: لا يَمْتَنِعُ هذا، كما لو شَرَطَا (٥١) التَّعْجِيلَ، أو كان الثمَنُ عَيْنًا.

فصل: الحكم السادس، أنَّه إذا شَرَطَ تَأْجِيلَ الأجْرِ، فهو إلى أجَلِه، وإن شَرَطَه مُنَجَّمًا يومًا يومًا، أو شَهْرًا شَهْرًا، أو أقَلَّ من ذلك أو أكثَرَ، فهو على ما اتَّفَقَا عليه؛ لأنَّ إِجَارةَ العَيْنِ كَبَيْعِها، وبَيْعُها يَصِحُّ بثَمَنٍ حالٍّ أو مُؤَجَّلٍ، فكذلك إِجَارَتُها.

فصل: وإذا اسْتَوْفَى المُسْتَأْجِرُ المنَافِعَ، اسْتَقَرَّ الأَجْرُ؛ لأنَّه قَبَضَ المَعْقُودَ عليه، فاسْتَقَرَّ عليه البَدَلُ، كما لو قَبَضَ المَبِيعَ. وإن سُلِّمَتْ إليه العَيْنُ التي وَقَعَتِ الإِجَارَةُ عليها، ومَضَتِ المُدَّةُ، ولا حاجِزَ له عن الانْتِفاعِ، اسْتَقَرَّ الأجْرُ وإن لم يَنْتَفِعْ؛ لأنَّ المَعْقُودَ عليه تَلِفَ تحتَ يَدِه، وهى حَقُّه، فاسْتَقَرَّ عليه بَدَلُها، كثَمَنِ المَبِيعِ إذا تَلِفَ في يَدِ المُشْتَرِى. وإن كانت الإِجَارَةُ على عَمَلٍ، فتَسَلَّمَ المَعْقُودَ عليه، ومَضَتْ مدَّةٌ يُمْكِنُ اسْتِيفاءُ المَنْفَعةِ فيها، مثل أن يَكْتَرِىَ دَابّةً لِيَرْكَبَها إلى حِمْصَ، فقبَضَها، ومَضَتْ مُدّةٌ يُمْكِنُ رُكُوبُها فيها، فقال أصْحَابُنا: يَسْتَقِرُّ عليه الأجْرُ. وهو مذهبُ الشّافِعِىِّ؛ لأنَّ المَنافِعَ تَلِفَتْ تحتَ يَدِه بِاخْتِيارِه، فاسْتَقَرَّ الضَّمَانُ عليه، كما لو تَلِفَتِ العَيْنُ في يَدِ المُشْتَرِى، وكما لو كانت الإِجَارَةُ على مُدَّةٍ فمَضَتْ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: لا يَسْتَقِرُّ الأجْرُ عليه حتى يَسْتَوْفِىَ المَنْفَعةَ؛ لأنَّه عَقْدٌ على مَنْفَعةٍ غير مُؤَقَّتَةٍ بزَمَنٍ، فلم يَسْتَقِرّ بَدَلُها (٥٢) قبلَ اسْتِيفَائِها، كالأجْرِ للأجِيرِ (٥٣) المُشْتَركِ. فإن بَذَلَ تَسْلِيمَ العَيْنِ، فلم يَأْخُذْها المُسْتَأْجِرُ حتى انْقَضَتِ المُدّةُ. اسْتَقَرَّ الأجْرُ عليه؛ لأنَّ المنَافِعَ تَلِفَتْ بِاخْتِيارِه في مُدَّةِ الإِجَارَةِ، فاسْتَقَرَّ عليه الأجْرُ، كما لو كانت في يَدِه. وإن بَذَلَ تَسْلِيمَ العَيْنِ، وكانت الإِجَارَةُ على عَمَلٍ، فقال أصْحَابُنا: إذا مَضَتْ مُدَّةٌ يُمْكِنُ

الحواشي

(٥١) في الأصل: "شرط".(٥٢) في الأصل زيادة: "كما لو".(٥٣) في الأصل: "في الأجير".

السابقمجلد 8 · صفحة 19التالي
السابق8·19التالي