the intended purpose for which currencies were created. For this reason, they are not guaranteed in cases of usurpation (ghasb); therefore, an endowment of them is not permissible, just as it is not permissible to endow trees for the purpose of spreading clothes, sheep for threshing mud, or wax for the purpose of ornamentation.

Section: The intention of gold and silver here refers to dirhams and dinars, and what is not in the form of jewelry; because that is what is destroyed by being utilized. As for jewelry, its endowment is valid for the purpose of wearing and lending, because of what Nafi' narrated, saying: "Hafsah bought jewelry for twenty thousand, then she endowed it for the women of the family of al-Khattab, and she would not pay its zakat." Al-Khallal narrated it with his chain of transmission. This is also because it is a substance that can be utilized while it remains intact permanently, so its endowment is valid, like real estate. It is also because it is possible to tie up its principal and make its yield available for free use, so its endowment is valid, like real estate. This is the opinion of al-Shafi'i. It has been narrated from Ahmad that its endowment is not valid, and he rejected the hadith regarding Hafsah in its endowment. Ibn Abi Musa mentioned it, except that the judge (al-Qadi) interpreted it as meaning that the hadith concerning it is not authentic. The reasoning for this report is that wearing as jewelry is not the primary intent of currencies, so its endowment for that purpose is not valid, just as if one were to endow dinars and dirhams. The first opinion is the school's established position; based on what we have mentioned, wearing as jewelry is among the important purposes, and the custom is established for it, and the Shari'a has considered it in dropping zakat from its owner and has permitted its leasing for that reason. It differs from dirhams and dinars, for custom has not established wearing them, nor has the Shari'a considered them in dropping their zakat, nor [does it consider] the guarantee of their benefit in cases of usurpation, unlike our current issue.

Section: It is not valid to endow wax, because it is destroyed by being utilized, so it is like edible food and drink. Nor [is it valid to endow] that which is prone to rapid corruption, such as aromatics, flowers, and their likes; because they are destroyed in a short time, so they resemble food. Nor is it valid to endow what is not permitted to be sold, such as a slave woman (umm al-walad), mortgaged property, a dog, a pig, and other predatory animals that are not suitable