undivided property (musha'). 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb narrated from his father, from his grandfather, who said: I heard the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) when a man came to him with a bundle (kubba) of hair, and said: I took this from the spoils of war to repair my pack-saddle. The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "What belongs to me and the Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib is yours." 'Umayr ibn Salamah al-Damri narrated, saying: We went out with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) until we reached al-Rawha', where we saw a wounded wild donkey. We wanted to take it, but the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "Leave it, for its owner is about to arrive." Then a man from Bahz arrived, and he was the one who had wounded it. He said: O Messenger of Allah, the donkey is yours. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) commanded Abu Bakr to divide it among the people. Extracted by Imam Ahmad and al-Nasa'i. This is because its sale is permissible, so its gift is permissible, like that which cannot be divided; and because it is undivided, so it resembles that which cannot be divided. Their statement that the necessity of partition prevents the validity of possession is invalid; for it does not prevent its validity in a sale, so it is the same here. Whenever a gift is made to two people and they take possession of it with his permission, their ownership of it is established. If one of them takes possession of it, ownership is established for his share, not for the share of his companion.
Section: Whenever we say that possession is a condition for a gift, the gift is not valid for that which cannot be delivered, such as a runaway slave, a stray camel, or property usurped by someone other than the usurper who is unable to retrieve it from him. This is the view of Abu Hanifa and al-Shafi'i; because it is a contract that requires possession, so it is not valid in such cases, like a sale. If he gifts the usurped property to its usurper, or if he is able to take it from him,
= However, it was extracted by al-Nasa'i in: The Chapter on the Gift of Undivided Property, from the Book of Gifts. Al-Mujtaba 6/220, 221. And by Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 2/184, 218. (16) In [M]: "al-musha'". (17) A 'kubba' of hair is a gathered bundle of it. (18) Extracted by Abu Dawood in: The Chapter on Ransoming the Captive with Wealth, from the Book of Jihad. Sunan Abi Dawood 2/57, 58. And by Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 2/184. (19) In the copies: "'Amr", and the correction is from: Al-Mujtaba and Al-Musnad. (20) Extracted by al-Nasa'i in: The Chapter on the Permissibility of Eating the Meat of Wild Donkeys, from the Book of Hunting. Al-Mujtaba 7/181. And by Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 3/418.
مُشَاعٍ (١٦). ورَوَى عَمْرُو بن شُعَيْبٍ، عن أبِيه، عن جَدِّه، قال: سَمِعْتُ النبيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، وقد جاءَهُ رَجُلٌ ومعه كُبَّةٌ (١٧) من شَعرٍ، فقال: أخَذْتُ هذه من المَغْنَمِ لأُصْلِحَ بَرْدَعَةً لي. فقال النبيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "مَا كَان لِى ولِبَنِى عَبْدِ المُطَّلِبِ فهو لَكَ" (١٨). ورَوَى عُمَيْرُ (١٩) بن سَلَمةَ الضَّمْرِىُّ، قال: قال خَرَجْنَا مع رسولِ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، حتى أَتَيْنَا الرَّوْحَاءَ، فرَأَيْنا حِمَارَ وَحْشٍ مَعْقُورًا، فأرَدْنا أخْذَه، فقال رسولُ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "دَعُوهُ، فَإنَّهُ يُوشِكُ أنْ يَجِىءَ صَاحِبُهُ". فجاءَ رَجُلٌ من بَهْزٍ، وهو الذي عَقَرَهُ، فقال: يا رسولَ اللَّه: شَأنَكُم الحِمَارَ. فأمَرَ رسولُ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أبا بَكْرٍ أن يَقْسِمَهُ بين النّاسِ. رَوَاهُ الإِمامُ أحمدُ، والنَّسَائِىُّ (٢٠). ولأنَّه يجوزُ بَيْعُه، فجازَتْ هِبَتُه، كالذى لا يَنْقَسِمُ، ولأنَّه مُشَاعٌ، فأشْبَهَ ما لا يَنْقَسِمُ. وقولُهم: إنَّ وُجُوبَ القِسْمةِ يَمْنَعُ صِحَّةَ القَبْضِ. لا يَصِحُّ؛ فإنَّه لم يَمْنَعْ صِحَّتَه في البَيْعِ، فكذا ههُنا. ومتى كانت الهِبَةُ لِاثْنَيْنِ، فقَبَضَاهُ بإِذْنِه، ثَبَتَ مِلْكُهُما فيه، وإن قَبَضَه أحَدُهُما، ثَبَتَ المِلْكُ في نَصيبِه دُونَ نَصِيبِ صاحِبِه.
فصل: ومتى قُلْنا: إنَّ القَبْضَ شَرْطٌ في الهِبَةِ. لم تَصِحَّ الهِبَةُ فيما لا يُمْكِنُ تَسْلِيمُه. كالعَبْدِ الآبِقِ، والجَمَلِ الشّارِدِ، والمَغْصُوبِ لغيرِ غاصِبِه ممَّن لا يَقْدِرُ على أخْذِه من غاصِبِه. وبهذا يقول أبو حنيفةَ، والشافِعِىُّ؛ لأنَّه عَقْدٌ يَفْتَقِرُ إلى القَبْضِ، فلم يَصِحَّ في ذلك، كالبَيْعِ. وإن وَهَبَ المَغْصُوبَ لغاصِبِه، أو لم يَتَمَكَّنْ من أخْذِه منه،
= ولكن أخرجه: النسائي، في: باب هبة المشاع، من كتاب الهبة. المجتبى ٦/ ٢٢٠، ٢٢١. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٢/ ١٨٤، ٢١٨.(١٦) في م: "المشاع".(١٧) الكبة من الشعر: الخصلة المجتمعة منه.(١٨) أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب في فداء الأسير بالمال، من كتاب الجهاد. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٥٧، ٥٨. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٢/ ١٨٤.(١٩) في النسخ: "عمرو"، والتصويب من: المجتبى، والمسند.(٢٠) أخرجه النسائي، في: باب إباحة أكل لحوم حمر الوحش، من كتاب الصيد. المجتبى ٧/ ١٨١. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٣/ ٤١٨.
