the right to retract it from his siblings; because the gift became binding upon the death of his father, except according to the other report, to which Abu Abd Allah ibn Batta inclined. There is no disagreement that it is recommended for the one who was given the gift to treat his brother equally in his gift; for this reason, Abu Bakr and Umar, may Allah be pleased with them, ordered Qays ibn Sa'd to return the distribution of his father, so that they could be equal to the child born after his father's death.
Section: A father has the right to take from his child's wealth whatever he wishes and take possession of it, whether the father is in need of what he takes or not, whether the child is young or old, subject to two conditions. The first is that he does not cause hardship to the son, nor harm him, nor take anything that is necessary for his needs. The second is that he does not take from the wealth of one child to give it to another. Ahmad stated this explicitly in the narration of Isma'il ibn Sa'id, and this is because he is forbidden from singling out some of his children with a gift from his own wealth, so he is all the more forbidden from singling him out with what he has taken from the wealth of another child. It has been narrated that Masruq married off his daughter with a dowry of ten thousand, then he took it and spent it in the path of Allah and said to the husband, "Equip your wife." Abu Hanifah, Malik, and al-Shafi'i said: He does not have the right to take from his child's wealth except to the extent of his need; because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Indeed, your blood and your wealth are sacred to you, with the same sacredness of this day of yours, in this month of yours, [in this land of yours]." Agreed upon. Al-Hasan narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Every person is more entitled to his own earnings than his father, his child, and all of mankind." Narrated by Sa'id in his Sunan. This is an explicit text. It is also narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The wealth of a Muslim man is not lawful except with his consent." Narrated by al-Daraqutni. And because the son's ownership of his own wealth is complete.
(11) In M: "min" (from). (12) In M: "waladihi" (his child). (13) Omitted from: M. (14) Its authentication was previously mentioned on page: 5/156. (15) It was recorded by al-Bayhaqi, in: The chapter on one who says it is incumbent upon a man to write a manumission contract for his slave..., from the Book of al-Mukatab (The Slave under Manumission Contract). Al-Sunan al-Kubra 10/319. From Habban ibn Abi Jabalah. (16) In M: "ala" (upon). (17) Its authentication was previously mentioned in: 6/606. And to it is added: =
له الرُّجُوعُ على إخْوَتِه؛ لأنَّ العَطِيَّةَ لَزِمَتْ بِمَوْتِ أبِيه، إلَّا على الرِّوايةِ الأخرى، التي ذَهَبَ إليها أبو عبدِ اللَّه ابن بَطَّةَ. ولا خِلَافَ في أنَّه يُسْتَحَبُّ لِمَنْ (١١) أُعْطِىَ أنَّ يُسَاوِىَ أخَاه في عَطِيَّتِه، ولذلك أمَرَ أبو بكرٍ وعمرُ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنهما، قَيْسَ بن سَعْدٍ، بِرَدِّ قِسْمَةِ أبِيه، لِيُسَاوُوا المَوْلُودَ الحادِثَ بعدَ مَوْتِ أبِيه.
فصل: وللأبِ أنَّ يَأْخُذَ من مالِ وَلَدِه ما شاءَ، ويَتَمَلَّكَه، مع حاجةِ الأبِ إلى ما يَأْخُذُه، ومع عَدَمِها، صَغِيرًا كان الوَلَدُ أو كَبِيرًا، بِشَرْطَيْنِ؛ أحدهما، أن لا يُجْحِفَ بالابْنِ، ولا يَضُرَّ به، ولا يَأْخُذَ شيئا تَعَلَّقَتْ به حاجَتُه. الثاني، أنَّ لا يَأْخُذَ من مالِ وَلَدٍ (١٢) فيُعْطِيَه الآخَرَ. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ، في رِوَايةِ إسماعيلَ بن سَعِيدٍ، وذلك لأنَّه مَمْنُوعٌ من تَخْصِيصِ بعضِ وَلَدِه بالعَطِيَّةِ من مالِ نَفسِه، فلَأن يُمنَعَ من تَخْصيصِه بما أخَذَ من مالِ وَلَدِه الآخَرِ أَوْلَى. وقد رُوِىَ أن مَسْرُوقًا زَوَّجَ ابْنَتَه بِصَدَاقٍ عَشْرَةِ آلافٍ، فأخَذَها، وأَنْفَقَها في سَبِيلِ اللَّه، وقال لِلزَّوْجِ: جَهِّز امْرَأتَكَ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ، ومالِكٌ، والشافِعِيُّ: ليس له أن يَأْخُذَ من مالِ وَلَدِه إلَّا بِقَدرِ حاجَتِه؛ لأنَّ النبيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "إنَّ دِمَاءَكُمْ وأمْوالَكُمْ عَلَيْكُم حَرَامٌ، كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُم هذَا، في شَهْرِكُمْ هذا، [فِي بَلَدِكُمْ هذَا] (١٣) " مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (١٤). ورَوَى الحَسنُ، أنَّ النبيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "كُلُّ أحَدٍ أحَقُّ بِكَسْبِهِ مِنْ وَالِدِهِ وَوَلَدِهِ وَالنَّاسِ أجْمَعِينَ". رَوَاه سَعِيدٌ في "سُنَنِه" (١٥). وهذا نَصٌّ. ورُوِى أن النبيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "لَا يَحِلُّ مَالُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إلَّا عَنْ (١٦) طِيبِ نَفْسِهِ". روَاه الدّارَقُطْنِيُّ (١٧). ولأنَّ مِلْكَ الابْنِ تامٌّ
(١١) في م: "من".(١٢) في م: "ولده".(١٣) سقط من: م.(١٤) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة: ٥/ ١٥٦.(١٥) وأخرجه البيهقي، في: باب من قال يجب على الرجل مكاتبة عبده. . ., من كتاب المكاتب. السنن الكبرى ١٠/ ٣١٩. عن حبان بن أبي جبلة.(١٦) في م: "على".(١٧) تقدم تخريجه في: ٦/ ٦٠٦. ويضاف إليه: =