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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 8 · صفحة 274فصل

الترجمة · EN

{And bestowed upon me in old age, Ishmael and Isaac} [Quran 14:39]. Whatever was gifted to him, he had the right to take his wealth, just as he does his slave. Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah said regarding His statement: {Or your own houses, or the houses of your fathers} [Quran 24:61]. Then He mentioned the houses of all other relatives, except for the children, whom He did not mention because they were already included in His statement: {your houses}. Since the houses of their children were like their own houses, He did not mention the houses of their children. Moreover, a man manages the wealth of his child without authorization, so he has the right to dispose of it as he does his own wealth. As for their hadiths, our hadiths specify and explain them, for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made the son's wealth the wealth of his father by his saying: "You and your wealth belong to your father," so there is no contradiction between them. His statement "You are more entitled to it than your father and your child" is mursal (a hadith with a missing link), and it indicates the prioritization of his right over another's right, not the complete negation of the right. The child is more entitled than the parent to that which is connected to his [the child's] need.

Section: The child does not have the right to demand his father for a debt he owes. This is the opinion of al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar, and it is the implication of the statement of Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah. Abu Hanifah, Malik, and al-Shafi'i said: He may do so, because it is an established debt, so demanding it is permissible, just as it is with anyone else. Our evidence is that a man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) with his father, demanding a debt he owed him, so he said: "You and your wealth belong to your father." It was recorded by Abu Muhammad al-Khallal with his isnad. Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar narrated in the book Al-Muwaffaqiyat with his isnad that a man borrowed money from his son and then detained him, and he detained him for a long time. The son sought judgment against him from 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) and mentioned his story in poetry, and his father answered him in poetry as well. Then 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

الحواشي

(24) Surah Ibrahim 39. (25) Surah al-Nur 61. (26) In the original: "for a person". (27) Omitted from manuscript M. (28) Its authentication was previously mentioned on page 273. (29) Al-Muwaffaqiyat, 111, 112.

العربية (المصدر)

وَهَبَ لِي عَلَى الْكِبَرِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ} (٢٤). وما كان مَوْهُوبًا له، كان له أخْذُ مالِه، كعَبْدِه. وقال سُفْيانُ بن عُيَيْنةَ، في قولِه: {وَلَا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ أَوْ بُيُوتِ آبَائِكُمْ} (٢٥). ثم ذَكَرَ بُيُوتَ سائِر القَرَاباتِ إلَّا الأَوْلَادَ لم يَذْكُرْهُم؛ لأنَّهم دَخَلُوا في قوله: {بُيُوتِكُمْ}. فلما كانت بُيُوتُ أوْلادِهِم كَبُيُوتِهِم، لم يَذْكُرْ بُيُوتَ أوْلَادِهِم. ولأنَّ الرَّجُلَ يَلِى مالَ وَلَدِه من غيرِ تَوْلِيةٍ، فكان له التَّصَرُّفُ فيه كمالِ نَفْسِه. وأمَّا أحادِيثُهُم، فأحَادِيثُنا تَخُصُّها وتُفَسِّرُها، فإنَّ النبيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- جَعَلَ مالَ الابْنِ مالًا لأبِيه، بقوله: "أنْتَ ومَالُكَ لأَبِيكَ". فلا تَنَافِىَ بينهما. وقوله: "أحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ وَالِدِه وَوَلَدِهِ". مُرْسَلٌ، ثم هو يَدُلُّ على تَرْجِيحِ حَقِّه على حَقِّه، لا على نَفْىِ الحَقِّ بالكُلِّيَةِ، والوَلَدُ أحَقُّ من الوالِدِ بما تَعَلَّقَتْ به حاجَتُه.

فصل: وليس لِلْوَلَدِ (٢٦) مُطَالَبةُ أبِيه بِدَيْنٍ عليه. وبه قال الزُّبَيْرُ بن بَكَارٍ. وهو مُقْتَضَى قول سُفْيانَ بن عُيَيْنةَ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ، ومالِكٌ، والشافِعِيُّ: له ذلك؛ لأنَّه دَيْنٌ ثابِتٌ، فجازَتِ المُطَالَبةُ به (٢٧)، كغيرِه. ولَنا، أن رَجُلًا جاءَ إلى النبيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- بأبِيه يَقْتَضِيه دَيْنًا عليه، فقال: "أنْتَ ومَالُكَ لأبِيكَ". رَوَاهُ أبو محمدٍ الخَلَّالُ بإسْنادِه (٢٨). ورَوَى الزُّبَيْرُ بن بكارٍ، في كِتَابِ "المُوَفَّقِيّاتِ" (٢٩)، بإسْنادِه، أن رَجُلًا اسْتَقْرَضَ من ابْنِه مالًا، فحَبَسَه، فأطَالَ حَبْسَه، فاسْتَعْدَى عليه الابْنُ عَلِىَّ بن أبي طالِبٍ، رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه، وذَكَرَ قِصَّتَه في شِعْرٍ، فأجَابَه أبُوه بِشِعْرٍ أيضًا، فقال عليٌّ رَضِىَ اللَّه عنه:

الحواشي

(٢٤) سورة إبراهيم ٣٩.(٢٥) سورة النور ٦١.(٢٦) في الأصل: "للمرء".(٢٧) سقط من: م.(٢٨) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ٢٧٣.(٢٩) الموفقيات ١١١، ١١٢.

السابقمجلد 8 · صفحة 274التالي
السابق8·274التالي