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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 8 · صفحة 304

الترجمة · EN

He mentioned it to him, and ʿUmar said: It is yours; the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) commanded us regarding that. Al-Nasa'i also narrated it likewise. This is a text explicitly regarding things other than currency. Al-Juzajani narrated with his chain of authority from al-Hurr ibn al-Sayyah, who said: I was with Ibn ʿUmar in Mecca when a man came to him and said: I found this cloak, and I have called out for it and announced it, but no one has identified it, and this is the Day of Tarwiyah, a day when people disperse. He said: If you wish, estimate its fair value and wear it, and you shall be its guarantor; whenever its owner comes to you, you shall pay him its price. And if no claimant comes for it, it is yours if you wish.

Furthermore, whatever it is permissible to pick up [as a lost item] is owned through announcement, just like currency. As for what they recounted about the Companions, if it is authentic, we have already narrated the contrary from ʿUmar and his son. Their statement that "it is a lost item that cannot be owned in the Sacred Precinct" is rejected, and it is invalidated by [the case of] currency. It is not correct to draw an analogy to camels because they have their shoes and their water skins; they reach water and eat trees until their owner comes to them, and that is not found in other things. Moreover, camels cannot be picked up [as lost property], so they cannot be owned through that, whereas here it is permissible to pick them up, so they are owned through it, like currency. Furthermore, if it is not owned in the Sacred Precinct, it is not owned in the territory outside it (al-hill). This is because the Sacred Precinct was distinguished by the fact that its lost items can only be picked up by one who calls out for them; hence, currency is not owned by picking it up there. Thus, it does not necessarily follow that it cannot be owned in a place where the impediment is not found.

Regarding their statement that the text is specific to currency, we say: Rather, it is general for every lost item, so it is necessary to act upon its generality. Even if a specific text were to arrive regarding it, a general report has been narrated, so both should be acted upon. Moreover, we have already narrated a specific text regarding goods (al-ʿuruḍ), so it is necessary to act upon it, just as it was necessary to act upon the specific [text] regarding currency.

الحواشي

(22) In M: "also". This may be in the Sunan al-Kubrā. It was also extracted by al-Tahawi in: The Chapter on Lost Property and Strays, from the Book of Leases. Sharḥ Maʿānī al-Āthār 4/137, 138. (23) In the copies: "al-Sabah". The correction is from al-Mushtabih 406. (24) Omitted from the original (al-aṣl).

العربية (المصدر)

فذَكَرَها له، فقال عمرُ: هي لك، إنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أمَرَنَا بذلك. ورَوَه النَّسَائِىُّ كذلك (٢٢). وهذا نَصٌّ في غير الأَثْمانِ. ورَوَى الجُوزَجَانِىُّ، بإسْنادِه، عن الحُرِّ بن الصَّيَّاحِ (٢٣) قال: كنتُ عند ابنِ عُمَرَ بمَكَّةَ، إذ جاءَه رَجُلٌ. فقال: إنِّي وَجَدْتُ هذا البُرْدَ، وقد نَشَدْتُه وعَرَّفْتُه فلم يَعْرِفهُ أحَدٌ، وهذا يومُ التَّرْوِيَةِ، ويومُ يَتَفَرَّقُ الناسُ. فقال: إن شِئْتَ قَوَّمْتَه قِيمَة عَدْلٍ، ولَبِسْتَه، وكنتَ له ضَامِنًا، متى جاءَك صاحِبُه دَفَعْتَ إليه ثَمَنَه، وإن لم يَجِىءْ له طالبٌ فهو لك إن شِئتَ. ولأنَّ ما جازَ الْتِقَاطُه مُلِكَ بالتَّعْرِيفِ، كالأثْمانِ، وما حَكَوْهُ عن الصَّحَابةِ إن صَحَّ، فقد حَكَيْنَا عن عمرَ وابْنِه خِلَافَه. وقولُهم: إنَّها لُقَطَةٌ لا تُمْلَكُ في الحَرَمِ. مَمْنُوعٌ، ثم هو مَنْقُوضٌ بالأَثْمانِ، ولا يَصِحُّ قِيَاسُها على الإِبِلِ؛ لأنَّ معها حِذَاءَها وسِقَاءَها، تَرِدُ الماءَ، وتَأْكُلُ الشَّجَرَ، حتى يأْتِيَها رَبُّها، ولا يُوجَدُ ذلك في غيرِها، ولأنَّ الإِبِلَ لا يجوزُ الْتِقَاطُها، فلا تُمْلَكُ به، وههُنا يَجوزُ الْتِقَاطُها، فتُمْلَكُ به، كالأثْمانِ. ثم إذا لم تُمْلَكْ في الحَرَمِ، لا تُمْلَكُ في الحِلِّ؛ وذلك لأنَّ الحَرَمَ مُيِّزَ بكَوْنِ لُقَطَته لا يَلْتَقِطُها إلَّا مُنْشِدٌ، ولهذا لم تُمْلَكِ الأثْمانُ بالْتِقَاطها فيه، فلا يَلْزَمُ أن لا (٢٤) تُمْلَكَ في مَوْضِعٍ لم يُوجَد المانِعُ فيه. وقولُهم: إنَّ النَّصَّ خاصٌّ في الأثْمانِ. قُلْنا: بل هو عامٌّ في كلِّ لُقَطَةٍ، فيَجِبُ العَمَلُ بِعُمُومِه، وإن وَرَدَ فيها نَصٌّ خاصٌّ، فقد رُوِى خَبَرٌ عامٌّ، فيُعْمَلُ بهما، ثم قد رَوَيْنا نَصًّا خاصًّا في العُرُوضِ، فيَجِبُ العَمَلُ به، كما وَجَبَ العَمَلُ بالخاصِّ في الأَثْمانِ، ثم

الحواشي

(٢٢) في م: "أيضًا".ولعل هذا في السنن الكبرى.كما أخرجه الطحاوي، في: باب اللقطة والضوال، من كتاب الإجارات. شرح معانى الآثار ٤/ ١٣٧، ١٣٨.(٢٣) في النسخ: "الصباح". والتصويب من المشتبه ٤٠٦.(٢٤) سقط من: الأصل.

السابقمجلد 8 · صفحة 304التالي
السابق8·304التالي