If the report were specific to currency, it would be mandatory to draw an analogy to it for what is in its meaning, as is the case with all the texts whose meaning has been understood and which is found in other than them. Here, the meaning has been found, so it is mandatory to draw an analogy to that which has been textually stated. Or we say: The meaning here is more emphasized, so the ruling is established regarding it by way of notification (tanbih). The explanation of this is that currency does not perish with the passage of time and waiting for its owner indefinitely, whereas goods perish by that. Thus, in calling out for them constantly, there is their destruction and the loss of their financial value for their owner, the finder, and the rest of the people. Therefore, the permissibility of benefiting from them and owning them after the announcement is [based on] preserving their financial value for their owner by paying their price to him, and they fall to someone else. This is mandatory due to the Prophet's (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) prohibition against wasting wealth, and due to the benefit and preservation of the Muslim's wealth that this contains for him and his brother. Furthermore, establishing ownership in them is an incentive to pick them up, preserve them, and announce them, as it is a means to the ownership intended for the human being; whereas denying ownership of them results in their loss, because of the danger, hardship, and cost involved in picking them up without any benefit reaching the finder. This leads to no one picking them up to announce them, so they are lost. What they mentioned as a distinction is nullified by the [case of] the sheep, as ownership is established for it despite this distinction. Moreover, it is possible for us to draw an analogy to the sheep, so this distinction between the original and the derivative does not occur. And Allah knows best. Then we invert their argument and say: It is a lost item that cannot be owned in the Sacred Precinct; therefore, whatever picking up is permitted from it is owned if it is in the territory outside the Sacred Precinct (al-hill), just like camels.
Section: The apparent meaning of the words of Ahmad and al-Khiraqi is that the lost item of the territory outside the Sacred Precinct and the Sacred Precinct itself are the same. This has been narrated from Ibn ʿUmar, Ibn ʿAbbas, ʿA'ishah, and Ibn al-Musayyab. This is the school of Malik and Abu Hanifah. Another report has been narrated from Ahmad, that it is not permissible to pick up a lost item of the Sacred Precinct for the sake of taking ownership, and that it is only
(25) In the original: "wa-fi". (26) Omitted from: the original. (27) In M: "wa-al-haz". (28) In M: "wa-al-thiqah". (29) In M: "qalb".
لو اخْتَصَّ الخَبَرُ بالأثْمانِ، لَوَجَبَ أن يُقَاسَ عليها ما كان في مَعْناها، كسائِر النُّصُوصِ التي عُقِلَ مَعْناها ووُجِدَ في غيرِها، وههُنا قد وُجِدَ المَعْنَى، فيَجِبُ قِيَاسُه على المَنْصُوصِ عليه، أو نقول: إن المَعْنَى ههُنا آكَدُ، فيَثْبُتُ الحُكْمُ فيه بِطَرِيقِ التَّنْبِيه. وبَيَانُه أنَّ الأثْمانَ لا تَتْلَفُ بمُضِىِّ الزَّمَانِ عليها، وانْتِظَارِ صاحِبِها بها أبَدًا، والعُرُوضُ تَتْلَفُ بذلك، ففى النِّدَاءِ عليها دائِمًا هَلَاكُها، وضَيَاعُ مالِيَّتِها على صاحِبِها، ومُلْتَقِطِها، وسائِر الناسِ، في (٢٥) إبَاحةِ الانْتِفَاعِ بها ومِلْكِها بعد التَّعْرِيفِ، حِفْظًا لمالِيَّتِها على صاحِبِها بِدَفْعِ قِيمَتِها إليه (٢٦)، وتَقَعُ لغيرِه، فيَجِبُ ذلك لِنَهْىِ النبيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- عن إضَاعَةِ المالَ، ولما فيه من المَصْلَحَةِ والحِفْظِ (٢٧) لمالِ المُسْلِمِ عليه وعلى أخِيه، ولأنَّ في إثْباتِ المِلْكِ فيها حَثًّا على الْتِقَاطِها وحِفْظِها وتَعْرِيِفها، لِكَوْنِه وَسِيلَةً إلى المِلْكِ المَقْصُودِ للآدَمِىِّ، وفى نَفىِ مِلْكِها تَضْيِيعٌ لها، لما في التِقَاطِها من الخَطَرِ والمَشَقَّةِ (٢٨) والكُلْفَةِ من غير نَفعٍ يَصِلُ إليه، فيُؤَدِّى إلى أن لا يَلْتَقِطَها أحَدٌ لِتَعْرِيفِها فتَضِيعَ. وما ذَكَرُوه في الفَرْقِ مُلْغًى بالشَّاةِ، فقد ثَبَتَ المِلْكُ فيها مع هذا الفَرقِ، ثم يُمْكِنُنا أن نَقِيسَ على الشَّاةِ، فلا يحْصُلُ هذا الَفَرْقُ بين الأصْلِ والفَرْعِ. واللَّه أعلم. ثم نَقْلِبُ (٢٩) دَلِيلَهم، فنقولُ: لُقَطَة لا تُمْلَكُ في الحَرَمِ، فما أبِيحَ الْتِقَاطُه منها مُلِكَ إذا كان في الحِلِّ، كالإِبِلِ.
فصل: وظاهِرُ كلامِ أحمدَ والخِرَقِىِّ، أنَّ لُقَطَةَ الحِلِّ والحَرَمِ سواءٌ. ورُوِى ذلك عن ابنِ عُمَرَ، وابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وعائِشَةَ، وابنِ المُسَيَّبِ. وهو مذهبُ مالِكٍ، وأبى حَنِيفةَ. ورُوِى عن أحمدَ رِوَايَةٌ أخرى، أنَّه لا يجوزُ الْتِقاطُ لُقَطَةِ الحَرَمِ لِلتَّمَلُّكِ، وإنَّما
(٢٥) في الأصل: "وفى".(٢٦) سقط من: الأصل.(٢٧) في م: "والحظ".(٢٨) في م: "والثقة".(٢٩) في م: "قلب".