half of her wealth, which is two and a half dinars, and half of a portion (shay'), which results in seven and a half minus half a portion for them, equaling two portions. Adjust and balance, and it becomes clear that the portion is three. Thus, four belong to her heirs, and six belong to his heirs. If she leaves two dinars along with that, it returns to the husband from her inheritance three and a half portions, resulting in eight and a half minus half a portion for him. Adjust and balance, and the portion comes out to be three and two-fifths; thus, six and four-fifths belong to his heirs, and five and one-fifth belong to her heirs.
Section: If someone bequeaths a slave girl to her free husband, and he accepts her, the marriage is annulled, because marriage cannot coexist with ownership by the right hand (milk al-yamin). The apparent view of the school is that the legatee only gains ownership upon acceptance, and at that moment the marriage is annulled. There is another perspective, which is that if he accepts, it is determined that ownership was established from the time of the testator's death, so it is determined that the marriage was annulled from the time of the testator's death. If she bears a child, there are three possible scenarios: First, that she was pregnant with the child at the time of the bequest, and this is known by her giving birth to the child in less than six months from the time he made the bequest. The correct view is that the child is included in the bequest with her, because pregnancy has a legal status, and for this reason, a bequest can be validly made for the fetus and to the fetus. If the bequest is valid for it separately, the bequest is valid for it along with its mother, so it becomes as if the child were separated and he had bequeathed both together. There is another perspective: that pregnancy has no legal status, so it does not enter into the bequest, and its status is only established upon its separation, as if it came into existence at that moment. Based on this, if it is separated during the testator's lifetime, it belongs to him, like the rest of her earnings; if it is separated after his death and before acceptance, it belongs to the heirs, according to the apparent view of the school; and if it is separated after that, it belongs to the legatee. The second scenario is that she becomes pregnant with the child after the bequest during the testator's lifetime, and this is known by her delivering it after six months from the time he made the bequest; because she gave birth to it within the period of
(5) Omitted from: M. (6) In A: "and a half". (7) In M: "so it became". (8) In M: "to it". (9) In A, M: "is established".
نِصْفُ مالها، وهو دِينارَان ونِصْفٌ، ونصفُ (٥) شيءٍ، صار لهم سَبْعَةٌ ونِصْفٌ إلَّا نِصْفُ شيء يَعْدِلُ شَيْئَيْنِ، اجْبُرْ وقَابِلْ، يَتَبَيَّنْ أنَّ الشىءَ ثَلَاثَةٌ، فيكونُ لِوَرَثَتِها أرْبَعَةٌ، ولِوَرَثَتِه سِتَّةٌ. وإن خَلَفَتْ مع ذلك دِينَارَيْنِ، عاد إلى الزَّوْجِ من مِيرَاثِها ثَلَاثَةٌ ونِصْفُ (٦) شيءٍ، صار (٧) له ثمانِيَةٌ ونِصْفٌ إلَّا نِصْفُ شيءٍ، اجْبُرْ وقابِلْ، يَخْرُجِ الشىءُ ثلاثةً وخُمُسَيْنِ، فصار لِوَرَثَتِه سِتَّةٌ وأرْبَعةُ أخْماسٍ، ولِوَرَثَتِها خَمْسَةٌ وخُمْسٌ.
فصل: وإذا أَوْصَى بِجَارِيةٍ لِزَوْجِها الحُرِّ، فقَبِلَها، انْفَسَخَ النِّكاحُ؛ لأنَّ النِّكاحَ لا يَجْتَمِعُ مع مِلْكِ اليَمِينِ. وظاهِرُ المذهبِ أنَّ المُوصَى له إنَّما يَمْلِكُ بالقَبُولِ، فحِينَئذٍ يَنْفَسِخُ النِّكاحُ. وفيه وَجْهٌ آخَرُ، أنَّه إذا قَبِلَ تَبَيَّنَّا أنَّ المِلْكَ كان ثابِتًا من حين مَوْتِ المُوصِى، فتَبَيَّنَ حينئذٍ أنَّ النِّكاحَ انْفَسَخَ من حينِ مَوْتِ المُوصِى، فإن أتَتْ بوَلَدٍ لم تَخْلُ من ثَلَاثةِ أحْوالٍ؛ أحدها، أن تكونَ حاملًا به حين الوَصِيَّةِ، ويُعْلَمُ ذلك بأن تَأْتِىَ به لأقَلَّ من سِتّةِ أشْهُرٍ منذ أَوْصَى، فالصَّحِيحُ أنَّه يكونُ مُوصًى به (٨) معها؛ لأنَّ لِلْحَمْلِ حُكْمًا، ولهذا تَصِحُّ الوَصِيّةُ به وله (٥)، وإذا صَحّتِ الوَصِيّةُ به مُنْفَرِدًا، صَحَّتِ الوَصِيَةُ به مع أُمِّه، فيَصِيرُ كما لو كان مُنْفَصِلًا فأَوْصَى بهما جميعًا. وفيه وجهٌ آخَرُ، لا حُكْمَ لِلْحَمْلِ، فلا يَدْخُلُ في الوَصِيَّةِ، وإنما يَثْبُتُ (٩) له الحُكْمُ عند انْفِصالِه، كأنَّه حَدَثَ حينئذٍ. فعلى هذا إن انْفَصَلَ في حَياةِ المُوصِى، فهو له، كسائِرِ كَسْبِها، وإن انْفَصَلَ بعد مَوْتِه وقبلَ القَبُولِ، فهو لِلْوَرَثةِ، على ظاهِرِ المَذْهَبِ، وإن انْفَصَلَ بعده، فهو لِلمُوصَى له. الحال الثاني، أن تَحْمِلَ به بعد الوَصِيَّةِ في حَياةِ المُوصِى، ويُعْلَمُ ذلك بأن تَضَعَهُ بعد سِتَّةِ أشْهُرٍ من حين أَوْصَى؛ لأنَّها وَلَدَتْه لمُدّةِ
(٥) سقط من: م.(٦) في ازيادة: "ونصف".(٧) في م: "فصار".(٨) في م: "له".(٩) في أ، م: "ثبت".