three times, for Allah the Exalted only intends the doubling of good deeds over evil ones, and this (19) is what is known of His generosity and bounty. As for the statement of Abu Ubaydah, [others have opposed him] (20) and rejected his claim. Ibn Arafah said: "I do not like the statement of Abu Ubaydah regarding: 'The punishment shall be doubled (di'fayn) for her,' because Allah the Exalted said in another verse: 'We shall give her her reward twice (marratayn).' He informed us that she has two shares of this, and two shares of that." Mu'awiyah ibn Hisham al-Nahwi transmitted from the Arabs that they pronounce the word "double" (di'f) in the dual and singular forms with one (21) meaning. Agreement with the Arabs in their own language, alongside what the speech of Allah the Almighty indicates and the statements (22) of the exegetes among the Successors and others, is more appropriate than the statement of Abu Ubaydah, which contradicts all of this, along with contradicting linguistic analogy; attributing error to him is more appropriate than declaring what we have mentioned to be erroneous. As for the statement of Abu Thawr, its corruption is apparent due to the contradiction it contains of the Book, the Arabs, and the scholars of the Arabic language. It is not permissible to cling to mere analogy that contradicts tradition, for there are words in Arabic that are peculiar and must be accepted based on transmission (naql) without analogy. And Allah knows best.

Section: If he bequeaths the equivalent of the share of someone who has no share—for example, if he bequeaths the share of his son, and he is someone who does not inherit because he is a slave, or follows a different religion, or the share of his brother while he is barred from his inheritance—then there is nothing for the legatee; because he (the son or brother) has no share, so the equivalent of him is nothing.

Section: If he bequeaths to a man a third, to another a fourth, to another a fifth, and to another the equivalent of the bequest of one of them, then he is entitled to the fifth. If he bequeaths to a man ten, to another six, to another four, and to another the equivalent of the bequest of one of them, then he is entitled to four; because that is the certain amount. If he said, "So-and-so is their partner," he is entitled to one-fifth of what each one of them has. If he bequeaths to one of them one hundred, to another a house,