according to the opinion of others, the second should have a full third of him. If he bequeaths his slave to two people, and one of them rejects his bequest, the other receives half. If he bequeaths to two people two-thirds of his estate, and the heirs reject that, and one of the two legatees rejects his bequest, the other receives a full third; because he bequeathed it to him individually, and the competition has ceased, so it is completed for him, just as if he were the sole recipient.
Section: If an heir admits that his father bequeathed the third to Bishr, and another person produces two witnesses that he bequeathed the third to him, and the heir rejects both bequests, and the heir is an adult, sane, upright man, and he testifies to the bequest, the legatee takes an oath along with him, and they share the third. This is the opinion of Abu Thawr, and it is the analogical reasoning of al-Shafi'i's school. The People of Opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y) said: The one to whom the bequest was admitted does not share with him, based on their view that a witness and an oath do not constitute a legal proof. Yet it has been established that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, adjudicated with a witness and an oath, as narrated by Muslim. If the one making the admission is not upright, or is a woman, the third belongs to the one for whom the proof is established, because his bequest is established, whereas the other's bequest is not. If neither of them has proof, and the heir admits that he made an admission to so-and-so for a third, or for this slave, and he made an admission to so-and-so for it in continuous speech, the admitted portion is divided between them. This is the opinion of Abu Thawr and the People of Opinion, and we know of no opponent in this matter. If he admits it to one, then admits it to another in a different sitting, his admission is not accepted, because it was established for the first by his admission, so his statement is not accepted regarding what would diminish the right of the first, unless he is an upright person, so he testifies to that, and the legatee takes an oath with him, and he shares with him, just as if it were established for the first by legal proof. If he admits it to the second in the [same] sitting in continuous speech,
(1) In the Chapter: 'Adjudication with an Oath and a Witness', from the Book of Judgments. Sahih Muslim 3/1337. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in the Chapter: 'Adjudication with an Oath and a Witness', from the Book of Judgments. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/277; Ibn Majah, in the Chapter: 'Adjudication with a Witness and an Oath', from the Book of Legal Decrees (Ahkam). Sunan Ibn Majah 2/793; and Imam Ahmad, in the Musnad 1/248, 315, 323. (2) In M: "yathbutu" (it is established). (3) In the original and A: "al-awwal" (the first). (4) In M: "bayyinah" (proof).
قول الآخَرِينَ، يَنْبَغِى أن يكونَ للثانِى ثُلُثُه كامِلًا. وإن وَصَّى بِعَبْدِه لِاثْنَيْنِ، فرَدَّ أحَدُهُما وَصِيَّتَه، فللآخَرِ نِصْفُه. وإن وَصَّى لِاثْنَيْنِ بثُلُثَىْ مالِه، فرَدَّ الوَرَثةُ ذلك، ورَدَّ أحَدُ الوَصِيَّيْنِ وَصِيَّتَه، فللآخَرِ الثُّلُثُ كامِلًا؛ لأنَّه وَصَّى له به مُنْفَرِدًا، وزالَتِ المُزَاحَمةُ، فكَمُلَ له، كما لو انْفَرَدَ به.
فصل: إذا أقَرَّ الوارِثُ أن أبَاهُ وَصَّى بالثُّلُثِ لِبِشْرٍ، وأقامَ آخَرُ شاهِدَيْنِ أنَّه وَصَّى له بالثُّلُثِ، فرَدَّ الوارِث الوَصِيَّتَيْنِ، وكان الوارِثُ رَجُلًا عاقِلًا عَدْلًا، وشَهِدَ بالوَصِيَّةِ، حَلَفَ معه المُوصَى له، واشْتَرَكَا في الثُّلُثِ. وبهذا قال أبو ثَوْرٍ. وهو قِيَاسُ قولِ الشافِعِيِّ. وقال أصْحابُ الرَّأْىِ: لا يُشَارِكُه المُقَرُّ له. بِنَاءً منهم على أنَّ الشاهِدَ واليَمِينَ ليس بحُجَّةٍ شَرْعِيّةٍ. وقد ثَبَتَ أنَّ النبيَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قَضَى بشاهِدٍ ويَمِينٍ. رَوَاه مُسْلِمٌ (١). وإن كان المُقِرُّ ليس بعَدْلٍ، أو كان امْرَأةً، فالثُّلُثُ لمن ثَبَتَتْ له البَيِّنةُ؛ لأنَّ وَصِيَّتَه ثابِتَةٌ، ولم تَثْبُتْ وَصِيّةُ الآخَرِ، وإن لم يكُنْ لواحِدٍ منهما بَيِّنةٌ، فأقَرَّ الوارِثُ أنَّه أقَرَّ لِفُلانٍ بالثُّلُثِ، أو بهذا العَبْدِ، وأقَرَّ لِفُلانٍ به بكَلَامٍ مُتَّصِلٍ، فالمُقَرُّ به بينهما. وبهذا قال أبو ثَوْرٍ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأْىِ. ولا نَعْلَمُ فيه مُخالِفًا. وإن أقَرَّ به لواحدٍ، ثم أقَرَّ به لآخَرَ في مَجْلِسٍ آخَرَ، لم يُقْبَلْ إقْرَارُه؛ لأنَّه ثَبَتَ (٢) للأَوّلِ بإقْرَارِه، فلا يُقْبَلُ قَوْلُه فيما يَنْقُصُ به حَقُّ الأَوّلِ، إلَّا أن يكونَ عَدْلًا، فيَشْهَدَ بذلك، ويَحْلِفَ معه المُقَرُّ له، فيُشَارِكَه، كما لو ثَبَتَ للأَوَّلِ (٣) بِبَيِّنةٍ (٤). وإن أقَرَّ للثانِى في المَجْلِسِ بكَلَامٍ
(١) في: باب القضاء باليمين والشاهد، من كتاب الأقضية. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٣٣٧.كما أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب القضاء باليمين والشاهد، من كتاب الأقضية. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٢٧٧. وابن ماجه، في: باب القضاء بالشاهد واليمين، من كتاب الأحكام. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٩٣. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ١/ ٢٤٨، ٣١٥، ٣٢٣.(٢) في م: "يثبت".(٣) في الأصل، أ: "الأول".(٤) في م: "بينة".