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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 8 · صفحة 485

الترجمة · EN

Abu Yusuf and Muhammad said: He strives for him for half of his value. If he left behind two thousand besides him, he entirely becomes free; because the estate is the price along with the two thousand, and the price comes out of the one-third, so he becomes free and inherits half of the two thousand. This is the opinion of al-Shafi'i. It is said: He becomes free, but does not inherit. According to Abu Hanifah and his companions: The estate is his value along with the two thousand, which is five thousand. Thus, according to the opinion of Abu Hanifah, a portion of one-third of that becomes free, which is one thousand and two-thirds of a thousand, and he strives for his brother for one thousand and one-third of a thousand. In the opinion of his two companions: Half of that becomes free, which is five-sixths of him, and he strives for his brother for five hundred, and the two thousand belong to his brother in all their opinions. If a terminally ill person purchased two cousins of his for one thousand, owning nothing else, and the value of each one of them is one thousand, and he emancipated one of them, then gifted him to his brother, then died leaving them both and his patron, then the qiyas (analogy) of the opinion of the Qadi, if Allah wills, is that two-thirds of the emancipated one should become free, unless the patron permits the emancipation of the entirety of him, then he inherits by his two-thirds, two-thirds of the remainder of the estate, so eight-ninths of him becomes free, and one-ninth of him and one-third of his brother remain for the patron. It is possible that he becomes entirely free, and inherits from his brother, so they both become free, because by emancipation he becomes an heir to two-thirds of the estate, so his permission for the emancipation of his remainder is executed, and thus his freedom is completed, and then the inheritance is completed for him. According to the qiyas of the opinion of Abu al-Khattab: Two-thirds of him becomes free, and he does not inherit; because if he were to inherit, it would be the emancipation of a bequest to him, so his emancipation would be voided, then his inheritance would be voided, thus allowing him to inherit would lead to voiding his inheritance. This is the opinion of al-Shafi'i, and one-third of him and the other cousin remain for the patron. Abu Hanifah said: Two-thirds of the emancipated one becomes free, he strives for the value of one-third of him, and he does not inherit. Abu Yusuf and Muhammad said: He becomes entirely free, his brother becomes free through him by way of the gift, and they are both more entitled to the inheritance than the patron. If the deceased had wealth other than them, he would take that wealth by inheritance, and the emancipator would be liable to his gifted brother for half of [his own value] and half of the value of his brother; because the emancipation of

الحواشي

(45) In M: "the thousand". (46) In an addition: "for the amount of". (47) In M: "to al-Shafi'i". (48) In M: "the emancipated one". (49) In M: "his value".

العربية (المصدر)

وقال أبو يوسفَ، ومحمدٌ: يَسْعَى له في نَصْفِ قِيمَتِه. فإن تَرَكَ أَلْفَيْنِ سِوَاهُ عَتَقَ كلُّه؛ لأنَّ التَّرِكَةَ هي الثَّمَنُ مع الأَلْفَيْنِ، والثَّمَنُ يَخْرُجُ من الثُّلُثِ، فيَعْتِقُ ويَرِثُ نِصْفَ الأَلْفَيْنِ. وهو قولُ الشافِعِيِّ. وقيل: يَعْتِقُ، ولا يَرِثُ. وعند أبى حنيفةَ وأَصْحَابِه: التَّرِكَةُ قِيمَتُه مع الأَلْفَيْنِ، وذلك خَمْسَةُ آلَافٍ. فعلى قولِ أبى حنيفةَ يَعْتِقُ منه قَدْرُ ثُلُثِ ذلك، وهو أَلْفٌ وثُلُثَا أَلْفٍ، ويَسْعَى لأَخِيه في أَلْفٍ (٤٥) وثُلُثِ أَلْفٍ. وفى قول صاحِبَيْه: يَعْتِقُ منه نِصْفُ ذلك، وهو خَمْسَةُ أسْدَاسِه، ويَسْعَى لأَخِيه في خَمْسِمائةٍ، والأَلْفانِ لأَخِيه في قَوْلِهم جَمِيعًا. ولو اشْتَرَى المَرِيضُ ابْنَىْ عَمٍّ له بأَلْفٍ، لا يَمْلِكُ غيرَه وقِيمَةُ كلِّ واحدٍ منهما أَلْفٌ، فأَعْتَقَ أحَدَهُما، ثم وَهَبَه أخَاهُ، ثم ماتَ وخَلَّفَهُما وخَلَّفَ مَوْلَاه، فإنَّ قِيَاسَ قولِ القاضي، إن شاءَ اللَّه، أن يَعْتِقَ ثُلُثَا المُعْتَقِ، إلَّا أن يُجِيزَ المَوْلَى عِتْقَ جَمِيعِه، ثم يَرِثُ بِثُلُثَيْه ثُلَثَىْ بَقِيَّة التَّرِكَة، فيَعْتِقُ منه (٤٦) ثَمَانِيةُ أتْسَاعِه، ويَبْقَى تُسْعُه وثُلُثُ أخِيه لِلْمَوْلَى. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يَعْتِقَ كلُّه، ويَرِثَ أخَاه، فيَعْتِقانِ جَمِيعًا، لأنَّه يَصِيرُ بالإِعْتاقِ وَارِثًا لِثُلُثَىِ التَّرِكَةِ، فتَنْفُذُ إجازَتُه في إعْتاقِ باقِيه، فتَكْمُلُ له الحُرِّيَّةُ، ثم يَكْمُلُ المِيرَاثُ له. وفى قِيَاسِ قولِ أبى الخَطَّابِ: يَعْتِقُ ثُلُثَاه، ولا يَرِثُ؛ لأنَّه لو وَرِثَ لَكان إعْتَاقَ وَصِيَّةٍ له، فيَبْطُلُ إعْتَاقُه، ثم يَبْطُلُ إرْثُه، فيُؤَدِّى تَوْرِيثُه إلى إِبْطالِ تَوْرِيثِه. وهذا قولُ الشّافِعِىِّ (٤٧)، ويَبْقَى ثُلُثُه وابْنُ العَمِّ الآخَر لِلْمَوْلَى. وقال أبو حنيفةَ: يَعْتِقُ ثُلُثَا المُعْتَقِ، ويَسْعَى في قِيمَةِ ثُلُثِه، ولا يَرِثُ. وقال أبو يوسف، ومحمدٌ: يَعْتِقُ كلُّه، ويَعْتِقُ عليه أخُوه بالهِبَةِ، ويَكُونَانِ أحَقَّ بالمِيرَاثِ من المَوْلَى، فإن كان لِلْمَيِّتِ مالٌ سِواهُما، أخذَ ذلك المال بالمِيرَاثِ، ويَغْرَمُ المُعْتِقُ (٤٨) لأَخِيه المَوْهُوبِ نِصْفَ [قِيمةِ نَفْسِه] (٤٩) ونِصْف قِيمَةِ أخِيه؛ لأنَّ عِتْقَ

الحواشي

(٤٥) في م: "الألف".(٤٦) في ازيادة: "لقدر".(٤٧) في م: "للشافعي".(٤٨) في م: "بالمعتق".(٤٩) في م: "قيمته".

السابقمجلد 8 · صفحة 485التالي
السابق8·485التالي