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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 8 · صفحة 66فصل

الترجمة · EN

the land, in a crop whose harm is equal to or less than the harm of the stipulated crop, such as if he plants barley which he harvests as fodder, the contract is valid, because benefiting from it in some of what the contract entails is possible. If it is not so, it is invalid; because he rented the land for cultivation, but it is not possible to benefit from cultivation in it, resembling the leasing of saline land for that purpose. If we say: it is valid, then if the duration expires, there are two views; one of them is that its ruling is the same as the ruling of the lessee's crop that does not complete within its duration, because here he is negligent. It is also possible that it is binding upon the lessor to leave it for rent, because the negligence is on his part, as he leased it for a duration in which the crop does not reach completion. If he stipulates leaving it until it reaches completion, the contract is void; because he combined two contradictory things, for the specification of the duration necessitates its removal within it, and the condition of leaving it contradicts that, and because the duration of leaving it is unknown. If he plants it, he shall not be demanded to remove it, as in the case that preceded.

Section: If he leases it for planting trees for a year, it is valid; because he can deliver its permissible and intended benefit, so it resembles all other benefits, regardless of whether he stipulates the removal of the plants upon the expiration of the duration or remains absolute. He may plant before the expiration of the duration, and when it expires, he may not plant anymore; due to the termination of his contract. When the year expires, if he had stipulated the removal upon its expiration, that is binding upon him in fulfillment of his condition, and the owner of the land is not liable for the decrease in its value, nor is the lessee liable for filling the pits and repairing the land; because they both entered into the contract based on this, due to their consent to the removal and their stipulation of it upon him. If they agree to leave it for rent or otherwise, it is permissible [if they stipulate a known duration. Likewise, if he rents the land year after year, every time a contract expires he renews another, it is permissible]. If he makes the contract absolute, the lessee may remove it; because the plants are his property, so he may take them, like his food from the house

الحواشي

(49) In the original: "so he takes it". (50) Omitted from: M. (51) In B: "he hired it". (52) Omitted from: the original. A note was transferred. (53) In the original: "in".

العربية (المصدر)

بالأرْضِ، في زَرْعٍ ضَرَرُه كَضَرَرِ الزَّرْعِ المَشْرُوطِ أو دُونَه، مثل أن يَزْرَعَها شَعِيرًا يَأْخُذُه (٤٩) قَصِيلًا، صَحَّ العَقْدُ، لأنَّ الانْتِفاعَ بها في بعضِ ما اقْتَضَاه العَقْدُ مُمْكِنٌ. وإن لم يكُنْ كذلك، لم يَصِحَّ؛ لأنَّه اكْتَرَى للزَّرْعِ ما لَا يُنْتَفَعُ بالزَّرْعِ (٥٠) فيه، أشْبَهَ إجَارَةَ السَّبْخَةِ له. فإن قُلْنا: يَصِحُّ. فإن انْقَضَتِ المُدّةُ، ففيه وَجْهانِ؛ أحدهما، حُكْمُه حُكْمُ زَرْعِ المُسْتَأْجِرِ لما لا يَكْمُلُ في مُدَّتِه؛ لأنَّه هَهُنا مُفَرِّطٌ. واحْتَمَلَ أن يَلْزَمَ المُكْرِىَ تَرْكُهُ بالأَجْرِ؛ لأنَّ التَّفْرِيطَ منه حيث أكْرَاه مُدَّةً لِزَرْعٍ لا يَكْمُلُ فيها. وإن شَرَطَ تَبْقِيَتَه حتى يَكْمُلَ، فالعَقْدُ فاسِدٌ؛ لأنَّه جَمَعَ بين مُتَضَادَّيْنِ، فإنَّ تَقْدِيرَ المُدَّةِ يَقْتَضِى النَّقْلَ فيها، وشَرْطَ التَّبْقِيَةِ يُخَالِفُه، ولأنَّ مُدَّةَ التَّبْقِيَةِ مَجْهُولةٌ، فإن زَرَعَ لم يُطَالِبْ بِنَقْلِه، كالتى تَقَدَّمَتْ.

فصل: إذا أجَرَه (٥١) لِلْغِرَاسِ سَنَةً، صَحَّ؛ لأنَّه يُمْكِنُه تَسْلِيمُ مَنْفَعَتِها المُبَاحَةِ المَقْصُودَةِ، فأشْبَهَتْ سائِرَ المَنافِعِ، وسواءٌ شَرَطَ قَلْعَ الغِرَاسِ عندَ انْقِضَاءِ المُدَّةِ، أو أطْلَقَ. وله أن يَغْرِسَ قبلَ انْقِضَاءِ المُدَّةِ، فإذا انْقَضَتْ، لم يكُنْ له أن يَغْرِسَ؛ لِزَوَالِ عَقْدِه. فإذا انْقَضَتِ السَّنَةُ، وكان قد شَرَطَ القَلْعَ عند انْقِضَائِها، لَزِمَهُ ذلك وَفَاءً بمُوجبِ شَرْطِه، وليس على صاحِبِ الأرْضِ غَرَامَةُ نَقْصِه، ولا على المُكْتَرِى تَسْوِيَةُ الحَفْرِ وإصْلَاحُ الأرْضِ؛ لأنَّهما دَخَلَا على هذا، لِرِضَاهُما بالقَلْعِ، واشْتِرَاطِهِما عليه. وإن اتَّفَقَا على إبْقائِه بأجْرٍ أو غيرِه، جازَ [إذا شَرَطَا مُدّةً مَعْلُومةً. وكذلك لو اكْتَرَى الأرْضَ سَنَةً بعد سَنَةٍ، كلما انْقَضَى عَقْدٌ جَدَّدَ آخَرَ، جَازَ] (٥٢). وإن أطْلَقَ العَقْدَ، فلِلْمُكْتَرِى القَلْعُ؛ لأنَّ الغَرْسَ مِلْكُه، فله أخْذُه، كَطَعامِه من (٥٣) الدَّارِ

الحواشي

(٤٩) في الأصل: "فأخذه".(٥٠) سقط من: م.(٥١) في ب: "استأجره".(٥٢) سقط من: الأصل. نقل نظر.(٥٣) في الأصل: "في".

السابقمجلد 8 · صفحة 66التالي
السابق8·66التالي