and he attributed him to his mother, and the man did not mention him in his li'an. This is verified by the fact that the child was a fetus in the womb, so the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Wait for her, and if she gives birth to him as a reddish-brown child, as if he were a wahar (a small lizard), with thin shanks, then I think nothing but that he has lied about her. And if she gives birth to him as one with curly hair, deep-set eyes, thick-shanked, and with full buttocks, then he belongs to the one whom she was accused of having committed the act with," based on the detestable description. When this is established, we return to the issue of the book and say: The scholars have differed regarding the inheritance of the child disavowed by li'an, and two narrations have been reported from Ahmad regarding it. The first is that his agnates are the agnates of his mother. It was narrated by Al-Athram and Hanbal. This is narrated from Ali, Ibn Abbas, and Ibn Umar. Al-Hasan, Ibn Sirin, Jabir ibn Zayd, Ata', Ash-Sha'bi, An-Nakha'i, Al-Hakam, Hammad, Ath-Thawri, and Al-Hasan ibn Salih have stated the same, except that Ali considers the one with a fixed share among the dhawi al-arham (uterine relatives) to be more entitled than the one who has no share, and he prioritized the ra'd (return) over others. The second narration is that his mother is his agnate, and if she is not present, then her agnates are his agnates. This was narrated by Abu Al-Harith and Muhanna. This is the view of Ibn Mas'ud. A similar view is narrated from Ali, Makhul, and Ash-Sha'bi, because of what was narrated from 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb, from his father, from his grandfather, that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) assigned the inheritance of the son of a woman who performed li'an to his mother and to her heirs after her. It was also narrated by Makhul,
(4) Narrated by Al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter of Attributing the Child to the Woman who Performed Li'an, from the Book of Li'an. Sahih Al-Bukhari 2/525. And Muslim, in: The Book of Li'an. Sahih Muslim 2/1133. And Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on Li'an, from the Book of Divorce. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/525. And At-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on What Has Been Reported Regarding Li'an, from the Chapters of Divorce. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 5/189. And An-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter of Disavowal of a Child by Li'an..., from the Book of Divorce. Al-Mujtaba 6/146. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter of Li'an, from the Book of Divorce. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/669. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 2/38. (5) In MS A: "atat" (she came). (6) Its authentication was provided previously in: 8/372. His saying "based on the detestable description" means: so she gave birth to him [with those traits]. (7) In MS M: "naqalahu" (he narrated it). (8) In MS M: "wa-Ash-Shafi'i". (9) Omitted from: M. (10) Narrated by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter of the Inheritance of the Son of a Woman who Performed Li'an, from the Book of Fara'id. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/112, 113.
وألْحقَهُ بأمِّهِ (٤)، ولم يذكُرْهُ الرَّجُلُ في لِعانِه. ويحقِّقُ ذلك أنَّ الولدَ كان حَمْلًا في البَطْنِ، فقالَ النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "أنْظِرُوهَا، فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُحَيْمِرَ، كَأنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ، حَمْشَ السَّاقَيْنِ، فَلَا أَرَاهُ إلَّا قَدْ كَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا، وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ (٥) بِهِ جَعْدًا، جُمَالِيًّا، خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ، سَابِغَ الألْيَتَيْنِ، فَهُوَ لِلَّذِى رُمِيَتْ بِهِ" (٦) على النَّعتِ المكروهِ. إذا ثَبَتَ هذا، عُدْنا إلى مسألةِ الكتابِ، فنقولُ: اختلَفَ أهلُ العلمِ في ميراثِ الوَلدِ المنفِىِّ باللِّعانِ، فرُوِىَ عن أحمدَ فيه روايتانِ؛ إحداهما، أنَّ عصَبَتَهُ عصَبَةُ أُمِّهِ. نقلَها الأثرمُ، وحنبلٌ. يُرْوَى ذلك عن عليٍّ، وابنِ عباسٍ، وابنِ عمَرَ. وبهِ قال الحسَنُ، وابنُ سيرينَ، وجابِرُ بن زَيْدٍ، وعطاءٌ، والشَّعْبِىُّ، والنَّخَعِىُّ، والحَكَمُ، وحَمَّادٌ، والثَّوْرِىُّ، والحَسَنُ بنُ صالحٍ، إلَّا أنَّ عليًّا يجعلُ ذا السهمِ من ذَوِى الأرحامِ أحقَّ ممَّنْ لا سهمَ له، وقدَّمَ الرَّدَّ على غيرِهِ. والرِّوايةُ الثانيةُ، أنَّ أمَّهُ عَصَبَتُهُ، فإن لم يَكُنْ فعصَبَتُها عصَبَتُهُ. نقلَها (٧) أبو الحارِثِ، ومُهَنَّا. وهذا قولُ ابنِ مسعودٍ. ورُوِىَ نحوُهُ عن عليٍّ، ومكحولٍ، والشَّعْبِىِّ (٨)؛ لما رُوِىَ عن (٩) عمرِو بنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عن أبيهِ، عن جَدِّهِ، أنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- جعَلَ ميراثَ ابنِ الملاعِنَةِ لأُمِّهِ ولِورثَتِها من بعدِها (١٠). ورواه أيضًا مكحولٌ،
(٤) أخرجه البخاري، في: باب يلحق الولد بالملاعنة، من كتاب اللعان. صحيح البخاري ٢/ ٥٢٥. ومسلم، في: كتاب اللعان. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ١١٣٣.وأبو داود، في: باب في اللعان، من كتاب الطلاق. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٥٢٥. والترمذي، في: باب ما جاء في اللعان، من أبواب الطلاق. عارضة الأحوذى ٥/ ١٨٩. والنسائي، في: باب نفى الولد باللعان. . ., من كتاب الطلاق. المجتبى ٦/ ١٤٦. وابن ماجه، في: باب اللعان، من كتاب الطلاق. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٦٦٩. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٢/ ٣٨.(٥) في أ: "أتت".(٦) تقدم تخريجه في: ٨/ ٣٧٢. وقوله: "على النعت المكروه" أي: فجاءت به.(٧) في م: "نقله".(٨) في م: "والشافعي".(٩) سقط من: م.(١٠) أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب ميراث ابن الملاعنة، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ١١٢، ١١٣.