They reached consensus that the slave is not inherited from; this is because he possesses no wealth to be inherited, for he does not own property. Those who argue that he owns property through acquisition, his ownership is deficient and unstable; it terminates to his master upon the termination of his ownership of his person, based on his (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) statement: "Whoever sells a slave who has wealth, his wealth belongs to the seller, unless the buyer stipulates otherwise." Furthermore, the master has a greater right to his benefits and earnings during his lifetime, and likewise after his death. Among those from whom it is reported that the slave does not inherit, is not inherited from, and does not serve as a barrier (to other heirs) are 'Ali and Zayd. This is also the opinion of al-Thawri, Malik, al-Shafi'i, Ishaq, and the People of Opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y).

Section: The captive who is with the disbelievers inherits if his life is known, according to the majority of jurists, except for Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, who said: He does not inherit because he is a slave. This is incorrect, as disbelievers do not own free people by force; he remains in his state of freedom, so he inherits, just like the free person.

Section: The mudabbar (slave granted emancipation upon the master's death) and the umm al-walad (a slave woman who bore her master's child) are like the qinn (absolute slave), because they are property, as evidenced by the fact that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sold a mudabbar. The umm al-walad is a slave; it is permissible for her master to have intercourse with her by right of ownership, and to marry her off or lease her. Her ruling is the same as that of a slave woman in all respects, except in matters that transfer ownership of her or are intended for that purpose, such as pledging her as collateral (rahn).

Section: As for the mukatab (a slave in a contract of manumission), if he does not possess the amount he owes, he is a slave; he does not inherit nor is he inherited from. If he possesses the amount he must fulfill, there are two narrations: One is that he is a slave as long as a dirham remains owed by him; he does not inherit nor is he inherited from. This is narrated from 'Umar, Zayd ibn Thabit, Ibn 'Umar, 'A'isha, Umm Salama, 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, and al-Shafi'i (may Allah be pleased with him), and Abu Thawr. A similar view is narrated from Ibn al-Musayyib, Shurayh, and al-Zuhri, due to what Abu Dawud narrated with his chain of transmission from 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb, from...