If he dies and has a brother who is with him in his contract, as well as a son, he [Abu Hanifah] says: What remains of his contract goes to his brother, not his son. Abu Hanifah deemed him a slave as long as he is alive, and when he dies, he pays the remainder of his contract from his estate, and the rest goes to his heirs. It is narrated from 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said from the pulpit: 'You have entered into contracts with mukatabs, so whoever among them has paid half, there is no slavery upon him.' From 'Ali: 'If he pays half, he is free.' A similar view is narrated from 'Urwah. From al-Hasan: 'If he pays half, he is a debtor.' A similar view is narrated from Ibn Mas'ud and Shurayh. From Ibn Mas'ud: 'If he pays a third or a quarter, he is a debtor.' From Ibn 'Abbas: 'If he writes the document, he is a debtor.' From 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: 'Emancipation proceeds in the mukatab at the first installment,' meaning he is emancipated to the extent of what he has paid. It is also narrated from him that he said: 'He inherits, is inherited from, and is emancipated to the extent of what he has paid.' Hammad ibn Salamah has narrated from Ayyub, from 'Ikrimah, from Ibn 'Abbas, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: "If the mukatab commits a crime or is entitled to an inheritance, he shall inherit according to the extent that he is emancipated, and the prescribed punishment (hadd) shall be carried out upon him according to the extent that he is emancipated." In another narration: "The mukatab shall pay the blood money of a free person according to the extent that he is emancipated, and according to the extent that he remains a slave, he shall pay the blood money of a slave." Yahya ibn Abi Kathir said: 'Ali and Marwan ibn al-Hakam used to say this. The hadith of Ibn 'Abbas has been narrated from 'Ikrimah from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in a mursal (discontinued) form, and the hadith that we narrated for our position is more authentic than it. I do not know any of the jurists who said this [latter opinion], and what we mentioned first is more appropriate, and Allah knows best.
1041 - Issue: He said: (And whoever is partially free inherits, is inherited from, and excludes [others from inheritance] according to the extent of the freedom that is in him.)
The gist of this is that when a partially emancipated person earns wealth and then dies and leaves it behind, it is examined. If he earned it...
(11) In the original, A: "And if". (12) Omitted from: M. (13) Recorded by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on the blood money for a mukatab, from the Book of Blood Money (Diyat). Sunan Abi Dawud 2/500. Al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on what has been narrated regarding the mukatab when he possesses what he is to pay, from the Chapters on Sales. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 5/264. Al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on the blood money for a mukatab, from the Book of Qasamah (Oaths). Al-Mujtaba 8/40, 41. Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 1/260, 292, 369.
هَلَكَ، وله أخٌ معه فى الكِتابةِ، وله ابْنٌ، قال: ما فَضَلَ من كتابتِه لِأخيه دون ابْنِه. وجعَله أبو حنيفةَ عبدًا ما دام حيًّا، فإذا (١١) ماتَ أدَّى من تَركِتِه باقىَ كتابتِه، والباقى لِوَرَثَتِه. ورُوِىَ عن عمرَ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه، أَنَّه قال على المنبرِ: إنَّكم مُكاتِبُون مُكاتَبِينَ (١٢)، فَأيُّهم أدَّى النِّصْفَ، فلا رقَّ عليه. وعن عَلىٍّ، إذا أدَّى النِّصْفَ فَهْوَ حُرٌّ. وعن عُرْوَةَ نَحْوُه. وعن الحسن، إذا أَدَّى الشَّطر فهو غريمٌ. وعن ابنِ مسعودٍ، وشُرَيْح نحوُه. وعن ابنِ مسعودٍ، إذا أدَّى ثُلُثًا أو رُبْعًا فهو غريمٌ. وعن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، إذا كتبَ الصّحيفةَ فهو غريمٌ. وعن علىٍّ رضى اللَّهُ عنه، قال: تَجْرِى العَتَاقَةُ فى المُكاتَبِ فى أوَّلِ نَجْمٍ. يعنى يَعْتِقُ منه بقدرِ ما أدَّى. وعنه أنَّه قال: يَرِثُ، ويَحْجُبُ، ويَعْتِقُ منه، بِقَدْرِ ما أدَّى. وقد رَوَى حَمّادُ بنُ سَلَمَةَ، عن أيُّوبَ، عن عِكرمَةَ، عن ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عن النّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "إذَا أصابَ المُكَاتَبُ حَدًّا أو مِيرَاثًا، وَرِثَ بِحِسَابِ مَا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ، وَأُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ بِحِسَابِ مَا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ" (١٣). وفى رواية "يُؤدى المُكَاتَبُ بِقَدْرِ مَا عَتَقَ مِنْهُ دِيَةَ الحُرِّ، وقَدْرِ مَا رَقَّ مِنْهُ دِيَةَ الْعَبْدِ". قال يحيى بنُ أبى كَثِيرٍ: وكان علىٌّ ومَرْوانُ بنُ الحكَمِ يقولان ذلك. وقد رُوِىَ حديثُ ابنِ عبَّاسٍ، عن عِكْرِمَةَ، عن النّبىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- مُرْسَلًا، والحديثُ الذى رَوَيْناه لقولِنا أصحُّ منه، ولا أعلمُ أحدًا من الفقهاءِ قال بهذا، وما ذكَرْناه أولًا أَوْلَى، واللَّهُ أعلمُ.
١٠٤١ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَمَنْ بَعْضُهُ حُرٌّ يَرِثُ، وَيُورَثُ، ويَحْجُبُ عَلى مِقْدارِ مَا فِيه مِنَ الْحُرِّيَّةِ)
وجملتُه أَنَّ المُعْتَقَ بَعْضُه إذا كَسَبَ مالًا، ثم ماتَ وخلَّفه، نُظِرَ فيه؛ فإنْ كان كَسَبه
(١١) فى الأصل، أ: "وإن".(١٢) سقط من: م.(١٣) أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى دية المكاتب، من كتاب الديات. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٥٠٠. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى المكاتب إذا كان عنده ما يؤدى، من أبواب البيوع. عارضة الأحوذى ٥/ ٢٦٤. والنسائى، فى: باب دية المكاتب، من كتاب القسامة. المجتبى ٨/ ٤٠، ٤١. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ١/ ٢٦٠، ٢٩٢، ٣٦٩.
