and the two uterine sisters divided by five. If the two uterine sisters deny him, they also have a fifth, and the remainder entirely goes to the husband, and it is validated from ten. If the husband denies him, he has a fifth and a tenth, and a fifth of the wealth remains which no one claims. They acknowledge it for the acknowledging sister, and she acknowledges it for them; regarding this, there are the three perspectives, unless we say: it is divided among them. In that case, there is nothing for the denying sister, nor for the one acknowledged in any way, because it is not possible that they should have anything at all.
Section: A woman, a paternal uncle, and an executor for a man of one-third of his wealth. If the woman and the uncle acknowledge that he is the brother of the deceased, and he confirms them, his lineage is established and he takes his inheritance. If the woman acknowledges him alone, and the one acknowledged does not confirm her, her acknowledgement has no effect. If the brother confirms her alone, the woman has the full quarter unless she authorizes the bequest, and the uncle has the half, and the quarter remains to be paid to the executor. If the uncle confirms her and the executor does not, he has the third and the woman the quarter, and the remainder the uncle acknowledges for someone who does not claim it; regarding this, there are the three perspectives. If the uncle acknowledges him alone, and the legatee confirms him, he takes his inheritance, which is three-quarters of the wealth, and the woman has the sixth, and half of the sixth remains. It is possible that it belongs to her, because the legatee confesses the invalidity of the bequest or its suspension upon the woman's authorization, and she did not authorize it, and it is possible that there are the three perspectives regarding it. If he does not confirm him, he takes the third by bequest, and the woman the sixth by inheritance, and the half remains, regarding which there are the three perspectives.
1043 - Issue; He said: (The killer does not inherit from the killed, whether the killing was intentional or by mistake.)
Scholars have unanimously agreed that the intentional killer does not inherit anything from the killed, except for what was narrated from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab and Ibn Jubayr, that they permitted him to inherit, and it is the view of the Khawarij; because the verse of inheritance includes him by its generality, so it is necessary to act upon it in his regard. There is no reliance on this opinion due to its irregularity and the existence of evidence to the contrary. For 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, gave the blood money of the son of Qatada al-Mudliji to his brother, not his father, and he had struck him with his sword and killed him.
(1) In the manuscripts: "al-Madhhaji". The correction is from the sources of documentation.
والأخْتينِ من الأُمِّ على خَمْسَةٍ، وإِنْ أنْكَرَتْهُ الأُخْتان مِنَ الأُمِّ، فلهما الخُمُسُ أيضًا، والباقى كلُّه للزَّوْجِ، وتصحُّ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ، وإِنْ أنْكَره الزَّوْجُ فله خُمُسٌ وعُشْرُ، فَيَبْقَى خُمُسُ المالِ، لا يدعيه أحدٌ، يُقِرُّون به للأُخْتِ المُقِرَّةِ، وهى تُقِرُّ به لهم، ففيه الأوْجُه الثّلاثة، إلّا أنَّنا إذا قُلْنا: يُقَسّمُ بينهم. فلا شىءَ فيه للأُخْتِ المُنْكِرَةِ، ولا للمُقِرِّ به بحالٍ؛ لأنَّه لا يَحْتَمِلُ أنْ يكونَ لهما شىءٌ بحالٍ.
فصل: امرأةٌ وعمٌّ ووَصِىٌّ لرجُلٍ بثُلُثِ مالِه، فأقَرَّتِ المرْأَةُ والعمُّ، أنَّه أخو الميِّتِ، وصدَّقهما، ثَبَتَ نَسَبُه، وأخَذَ ميراثَه. وإِنْ أقرّتْ به المرْأةُ وحْدَها، فلم يُصدِّقْها المُقَرُّ به، لم يؤَثِّرْ إقرارُها شيئًا، وإِنْ صَدَّقها الأخُ وَحْدَه، فللمرأةِ الرُّبُعُ بكَمالِه، إلَّا أنْ يُجيزَ الوصيَّةَ، وللعمِّ النِّصْفُ، ويَبْقَى الرُّبُعُ يُدْفَعُ إلى الوَصِىِّ، وإِنْ صَدَّقها العَمُّ، ولم يُصَدِّقْها الوَصِىُّ، فله الثُّلُثُ، وللمَرْأةِ الرُّبُعُ، والباقِى يُقِرُّ به العَمُّ لمن لَا يَدَّعِيه، ففيه الأوْجُهُ الثّلاثةُ. وإِنْ أقرّ به العَمُّ وَحْدَه، فصَدَّقه المُوصَى له، أخَذَ ميراثَه، وهو ثلاثَةُ أرباعِ المالِ، وللمرأةِ السُّدُسُ، ويَبْقَى نِصْفُ السُّدُس، فيَحْتَمِلُ أنْ يكُونَ لها؛ لأنَّ المُوصَى له يعْتَرِفُ ببُطْلانِ الوَصِيَّةِ، أو وُقوفِها على إجازةِ المرأةِ ولم تُجِزْها، ويَحْتَمِلُ أنْ يكونَ فيه الأوْجُهُ الثَّلاثةُ، وإِنْ لم يُصدِّقْه، أَخَذَ الثّلُثَ بالوَصِيَّةِ، والمرأةُ السُّدُسَ بالميراثِ، ويَبْقَى النِّصْفُ فيه الأوْجُهُ الثَّلاثَةُ.
١٠٤٣ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَالقَاتِلُ لَا يَرِثُ المَقْتُولَ، عمدًا كَانَ القَتْلُ أَوْ خَطَأً)
أجْمعَ أهْلُ العِلْمِ على أَنَّ قاتِلَ العَمْدِ لا يَرِثُ من المقْتُولِ شيئًا، إلا ما حُكِىَ عن سعيدِ بنِ المُسَيَّب وابْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، أنَّهما وَرَّثاه، وهو رأىُ الخَوارجِ؛ لأنَّ آيةَ الميراثِ تتَناولُه بعمومِها، فيجبُ العملُ بها فيه، ولا تَعْويلَ على هذا القولِ؛ لشُذوذِه، وقيامِ الدَّليلِ على خلافِه. فإنَّ عمرَ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه، أعْطَى دِيَةَ ابنِ قَتَادَةَ المُدْلِجِىِّ (١) لأخِيه دونَ
(١) فى النسخ: "المذحجى". والتصويب من مصادر التخريج.