The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "Every division that was divided in the Jahiliyyah remains according to how it was divided, and every division that Islam reaches, it is according to the division of Islam." Ibn 'Abd al-Barr narrated with his chain of transmission in "al-Tamhid" from Zayd ibn Qatadah al-'Anbari, that a person from his family died outside the religion of Islam, and his sister inherited from him, not me, and she was of his religion. Then my grandfather embraced Islam and witnessed Hunayn with the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), and he passed away. I remained for a year, and he had left an inheritance. Then my sister embraced Islam and disputed with me regarding the inheritance before Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him). 'Abd Allah ibn Arqam told him that Umar had judged that whoever embraces Islam regarding an inheritance before it is divided, he receives his share. So Uthman judged accordingly; she took from that which was previously divided, and she shared with me in this one. This is a case that spread and was not denied, so it was an consensus. Furthermore, if he were to find game after his death that fell into a net he had set during his life, ownership would be established for him in it; and if a person fell into a well he had dug, his liability would attach to his estate after his death. Thus, it is permissible for the right of one among his heirs who embraces Islam to be renewed regarding his estate, as a means of encouragement toward Islam and an incitement to it. However, if the estate has been divided and the right of every heir is determined, and then he embraces Islam, he receives nothing. Even if there is only one heir, if he disposes of the estate and takes possession of it, it is in the position of its division.

Section: Whoever was a slave at the time of the death of the one he is inheriting from, and is then manumitted before the division, does not inherit. Ahmad (may Allah be pleased with him) stated this explicitly in the transmission of Muhammad ibn al-Hakam, distinguishing between Islam and manumission. This is the position of the majority of the jurists among the Companions and those after them. It is narrated from Ibn Mas'ud that he was asked about a man who died and left behind his father as a slave, and he was manumitted before his inheritance was divided; he replied: "He has his inheritance." It was related from Makhul and Qatadah that they allowed the one manumitted before division to inherit because the impediment to inheritance...