al-Shafi'i, may Allah be pleased with him. Al-Layth and Abu Yusuf said: The share of a boy is set aside, and a guarantor (damin) is taken from the heirs. As for our position: the birth of twins is frequent and customary, so it is not permissible to divide their share, just as it is not for a single child. Anything more than that is rare, so nothing is set aside for it, just like a fifth or sixth child. Whenever the woman gives birth, whoever inherits the reserved amount takes it; if anything remains, it is returned to its rightful owners, and if it is insufficient, he [the fetus] may seek restitution from those in whose possession it lies.

Issues derived from this: A pregnant woman and a daughter [are the heirs]. The woman has one-eighth, and the daughter has one-fifth of the remainder. According to Sharik, she has one-ninth. According to Abu Yusuf, she has one-third with a guarantor. Nothing is given to her according to the famous position of al-Shafi'i, may Allah be pleased with him. If there is a son in the place of the daughter, he is given one-third of the remainder, or one-fifth, or one-half, depending on the difference of opinions. Whenever the fixed shares exceed one-third of the wealth, the inheritance of females is greater. Thus, if someone leaves behind parents and a pregnant wife, the wife receives three out of twenty-seven, the parents receive eight out of it, and sixteen are set aside. Here, the opinion of one who reserves the share of two daughters coincides with the opinion of one who reserves the share of four. Abu Yusuf said: The wife is given a full eighth, the parents a full third, and a guarantor is taken from them. If there is a daughter with them, she is given thirteen out of one hundred and twenty. According to Sharik, thirteen out of two hundred and sixteen. According to Abu Yusuf, thirteen out of seventy-two, and guarantors are taken from the entire estate: from the daughter, because of the possibility that more than one is born, and from the rest, because of the possibility that the problem (mas'alah) may involve 'awl (proportionate reduction of shares). According to our position, the calculation is reconciled between twenty-seven and one hundred and twenty by thirds, and you multiply the third of one by the entirety of the other, which becomes one thousand and eighty. You give the daughter thirteen times nine, which is one hundred and seventeen, and for the parents and the wife, eleven times forty, and whatever remains is set aside. A husband and a mother pregnant by the father...