The intended meaning of this verse is the offspring of both parents and the offspring of the father, by the consensus of the scholars. Jabir narrated, saying: I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, how should I act regarding my wealth when I have sisters?' He said: So the verse of inheritance was revealed: 'They request from you a [legal] ruling. Say, "Allah gives you a ruling concerning one having neither descendants nor ascendants [as heirs]."' Narrated by Abu Dawud. It is also narrated that Jabir fell ill while he had seven sisters, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 'Allah has revealed [the ruling] concerning your sisters.' He thus specified for them the two-thirds. What is in excess of two sisters follows their ruling; because if two sisters receive two-thirds, then three sisters or more follow [the same rule]. As for the lapsing of the sisters from the father upon the completion of the two-thirds by the offspring of both parents, it is because Allah the Almighty only prescribed two-thirds for the sisters. Thus, if the offspring of both parents take it, nothing remains of what Allah the Almighty prescribed for the sisters that the offspring of the father would be entitled to. If there is one [sister] from both parents, she receives one-half by the text of the Book, and one-sixth remains from the two-thirds prescribed for the sisters, which completes the two-thirds; [this sixth] is for the sisters from the father. That is why the jurists said: They receive the one-sixth, to complete the two-thirds. If the offspring of the father are males and females, then the remainder is between them; due to the saying of Allah the Almighty: 'But if there are brothers and sisters, then the male shall have the equivalent of the portion of two females.' The offspring of the father alongside the offspring of both parents do not differ from the son alongside the children of the deceased [offspring of the sulb], except that the daughter of the son is made an agnatic heir by her brother's son and those below her, while the sister from the father is not made an agnatic heir by anyone except her brother. Thus, if the sisters from both parents completed the two-thirds, and there were sisters from the father and a son of a brother among them, the sisters from the father would have nothing, and the remainder would be for the son of the brother; because the son of the son, even if lower in rank, is a son, whereas the son of the brother is not a brother.
(5) In the original and A: "or offspring". (6) In: Chapter on Kalalah, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan Abu Dawud 2/107. It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on the saying of Allah the Almighty: "Allah commands you concerning your children...", from the Book of Inheritance, and in: Chapter on what the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would ask about concerning that which had not been revealed to him by revelation..., from the Book of Holding Fast (I'tisam). Sahih al-Bukhari 8/185, 9/124. And Muslim, in: Chapter on the inheritance of the Kalalah, from the Book of Inheritance. Sahih Muslim 3/1234. And Al-Tirmidhi, in: Chapter on the inheritance of sisters, from the chapters on Inheritance. Aridat al-Ahwadhi 8/249. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on the Kalalah, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/911. (7) Recorded by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on one who has no offspring and has a sister, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan Abu Dawud 2/108. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 3/372. (8) In A: "sisters". (9) In A: "if". (10) Surah al-Nisa 176.
والمُرادُ بهذهِ الآيةِ ولدُ الأَبوَيْنِ، وولَدُ (٥) الأبِ بإِجْماعِ أهلِ العلمِ. ورَوَى جابرٌ، قال: قُلتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، كيفَ أَصْنَعُ في مالِى ولى أَخَواتٌ؟ قال: فنزلَتْ آيةُ الميراثِ: {يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ}. رَواه أبو داودَ (٦). ورُوِىَ أنَّ جابرًا اشْتَكَى وعندَه سَبعُ أخَواتٍ، فقالَ النبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِي أَخَواتِكَ" (٧). فبيَّن لهنَّ الثُّلُثَيْنِ. وما زادَ على الأُختَينِ في حكمِهما؛ لأنَّه إذا كانَ للأُختَينِ الثُّلُثانِ، فالثَّلاثُ أُخْتانِ (٨) فَصَاعدًا. وأمَّا سُقوطُ الأَخَواتِ مِن الأبِ، باسْتِكْمالِ ولدِ الأَبوَيْنِ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، فلأنَّ (٩) اللهَ تعالى إِنَّما فَرضَ للأَخَواتِ الثُّلُثيْنِ، فإذا أخذَه ولدُ الأَبَوَينِ، لم يَبْقَ ممَّا فَرضَه اللهُ تعالى لِلأَخَواتِ شيءٌ يَسْتَحِقُّه ولدُ الأَبِ، فإن كانتْ. واحدةً من الأبَوَيْنِ، فلها النِّصْفُ بنَصِّ الكتابِ، وبَقِىَ من الثُّلثينِ المَفْروضَةِ لِلأَخَواتِ سُدُسٌ، يُكَمَّلُ به الثُّلُثَانِ، فيكونُ للأَخَواتِ لِلأَبِ. ولذلك قالَ الفُقَهاءُ: لَهُنَّ السُّدُسُ، تَكمِلةُ الثُّلثينِ. فإن كانَ ولدُ الأبِ ذُكورًا وإناثًا، فالباقِى بينهم؛ لقولِ اللهِ تعالى: {وَإِنْ كَانُوا إِخْوَةً رِجَالًا وَنِسَاءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} (١٠). ولا يُفارِقُ ولدُ الأبِ مع وَلدِ الأَبَويْنِ ولدَ الابنِ مع ولدِ الصُّلْبِ، إلَّا في أنَّ بنتَ الابْنِ يُعَصِّبُها ابنُ أخيها ومَن هو أنزلُ منها، والأُختُ من الأبِ لا يُعَصِّبُها إلَّا أخوهَا، فلو اسْتكْمَلَ الأخَواتُ مِن الأبويْنِ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، وثَمَّ أخَواتٌ مِن أبٍ وابنِ أخٍ لَهُنَّ، لم يَكُنْ للأَخواتِ للأبِ شيءٌ، وكانَ
(٥) في الأصل، أ: "أو ولد".(٦) في: باب في الكلالة، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ١٠٧.كما أخرجه البخاري، في: باب قول اللَّه تعالى: {يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ. . .}، من كتاب الفرائض، وفى: باب ما كان النبي -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يسأل مما لم ينزل عليه الوحى. . ., من كتاب الاعتصام. صحيح البخاري ٨/ ١٨٥، ٩/ ١٢٤. ومسلم، في: باب ميراث الكلالة، من كتاب الفرائض. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٢٣٤. والترمذي، في: باب ميراث الأخوات، من أبواب الفرائض. عارضة الأحوذى ٨/ ٢٤٩. وابن ماجه، في: باب الكلالة، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٩١١.(٧) أخرجه أبو داود، في: باب من كان ليس له ولد وله أخت، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ١٠٨. والإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٣/ ٣٧٢.(٨) في أ: "أخوات".(٩) في أ: "فإن".(١٠) سورة النساء ١٧٦.
