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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 9 · صفحة 188

الترجمة · EN

another sixty years pass, so he would have, with his age on the day he was lost, one hundred and twenty years, and his wealth would then be distributed among his heirs if they were alive. And if some of his heirs died before the passing of one hundred and twenty years and left behind heirs, they would have nothing of the missing person's wealth, and his wealth would belong to the living among his heirs. His share from the wealth of an inherited person who died during the waiting period shall be held in trust (waqf) for the missing person. If the period passes and no news of the missing person is known, the held portion is returned to the heirs of the deceased person whom the missing person was to inherit from, and it shall not belong to the heirs of the missing person. Al-Lu'lu'i said: This is the view of Abu Yusuf. Al-Khabri reported from al-Lu'lu'i that he said: [The portion held for the missing person, even if no news of him is known, shall belong to his heirs. He said] (34): And this is the correct view in my opinion. What we have mentioned is what Ibn al-Labban reported from al-Lu'lu'i, where he said: If the wife of the missing person died before the completion of one hundred and twenty years by a single day, or after his disappearance by a single day, and then one hundred and twenty years were completed (35), she would not inherit anything from him, and we would not make him inherit from her; because we do not know which of them died first. This is the analogy of the statement of those who said regarding the drowned: that none of them inherits from their companion, and the living heirs of each one of them inherits from them (36). The Qadi said: This is the analogy of the view of Ahmad. The jurists agreed that no one inherits from the missing person except those who are living from among his heirs on the day his wealth is distributed, not those who died before that, even if by a single day. They disagreed regarding one who died while having a missing person among his heirs. The school of Ahmad and most jurists is that every heir (37) among his heirs is given the certain portion, and the remainder is held in trust until his status is clarified or the waiting period passes. You then construct the issue based on him being alive, then on him being dead, and you multiply one by the other if they are disjoint, or by their common factor if they are congruent, or you suffice with one of them if they are identical, or with the larger of them if they are proportional. You give each person the lesser of the two shares, and whoever does not inherit except from one of them, you give them nothing, and you hold the remainder. It is permissible for them to reach a settlement (sulh) regarding what exceeds the share of the missing person, and Ibn al-Labban chose this because it does not exit [the circle of] them. Al-Wanni (38) disapproved of this and said: There is no benefit in some heirs having less than what they are entitled to in the issue of life.

الحواشي

(34) Omitted from: the original. Added for consideration. (35) In M: "and it was completed". (36) In the original, A, and B, there is an addition: "from". (37) Omitted from: A. (38) Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Wanni al-Faradi al-Shafi'i was preeminent in the science of inheritance (fara'id) and authored excellent works on it. He was killed in Baghdad during the fitna of al-Basasiri in the year 450 AH. Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyya al-Kubra 4/374.

العربية (المصدر)

عليه سِتُّون سَنَةً أُخرى، فيكونُ له مع سِنِّهِ يومَ فُقِدَ مائةٌ وعِشْرون سَنَةً، فَيُقَسَّمُ مالُه حينئذٍ بَيْنَ وَرَثَتِه إنْ كانوا أحْياءَ، وإِنْ ماتَ بعضُ وَرَثَتِه قبلَ مُضِىِّ مائةٍ وعِشْرينَ، وخَلَّفَ وَرَثَةً لم يكُنْ لهم شىءٌ من مالَ المفْقودِ، وكان مالُه لِلْأَحْياءِ من وَرَثَتِه، ويوقَفُ لِلْمَفْقودِ حِصَّتُه من مالِ مَوْروثِه الذى ماتَ فى مُدَّةِ الانْتِظارِ، فإنْ مَضَتِ المُدَّةُ ولم يُعْلَمْ خَبَرُ الْمَفْقودِ، رُدَّ الْمَوْقوفُ إِلى وَرَثَةِ مَوْروثِ الْمَفْقودِ، ولم يَكُنْ لِوَرَثَةِ الْمَفْقودِ. قال اللُّؤْلُؤِىُّ: وهذا قوْلُ أبى يوسف. وحَكَى الْخَبْرِىُّ عن اللُّؤْلُؤِىِّ أنَّه قالَ: [إنَّ المَوْقوفَ لِلْمَفْقودِ، وإِنْ لم يُعْلَمْ خَبَرُه يَكونُ لِوَرَثَتِهِ. قال] (٣٤): وهو الصَّحيحُ عِنْدى، والذى ذَكَرْناه هو الذى حكاه ابْنُ اللَّبَّانِ عن اللُّؤْلُؤِىِّ، فقال: لو ماتَتِ امْرَأةُ الْمَفْقودِ قَبْلَ تمامِ مائةٍ وعِشْرين سَنَةً بِيَوْمٍ، أو بعدَ فَقْدِه بِيَوْمٍ، تَمَّتْ (٣٥) مائةٌ وعِشْرونَ سَنَةً، لم تُوَرَّثْ منه شَيْئًا، ولم نُورِّثْه منها؛ لأنَّنا لا نَعْلَمُ أيَّهما ماتَ أوَّلًا. وهذا قياسُ قَوْلِ مَنْ قالَ فى الْغَرْقَى: إنَّه لا يُوَرَّثُ أحَدُهم من صاحِبِه، ويَرِثُ كُلَّ واحِدٍ (٣٦) الأحْياءُ مِنْ وَرَثَتِه. قال القَاضِى: هذا قِياسُ قَوْلِ أحمدَ. واتَّفَقَ الْفُقهاءُ على أنَّه لا يَرِثُ المْفقودَ إلّا الأحْياءُ مِنْ وَرَثَتِه يَوْمَ قَسْمِ مالِه، لا مَنْ ماتَ قبلَ ذلك، ولو بِيَوْمٍ. واخْتَلَفوا فى مَن ماتَ وفى وَرَثَتِه مَفْقودٌ، فمذْهَبُ أحمدَ وأكْثَرِ الفُقَهاءِ، على أنَّه يُعْطَى كُلُّ وارِثٍ (٣٧) من وَرَثَتِه الْيَقينَ، ويُوقَفُ الباقى حتى يُتَبَيَّنَ أمْرُه، أو تَمْضِىَ مُدَّةُ الانْتِظارِ، فتَعْمَلُ المسْألَةَ على أنَّه حَىٌّ، ثمَّ على أنَّه مَيِّتٌ، وتَضْرِبُ إحْداهُما فى الأُخْرى إنْ تَبايَنَتا، أو فى وَفْقِهما إنِ اتَّفَقَتا، وتَجْتَزِئُ إحْداهُما إنْ تَماثَلَتا، أو بِأكْثَرِهما إن تَناسَبَتا، وتُعْطِى كُلَّ واحِدٍ أقَلَّ النَّصِيبَيْنِ، ومَنْ لا يَرِثُ إلَّا مِنْ أحَدِهما لا تُعْطِيه شَيْئًا، وتَقِفُ الباقىَ. ولهم أنْ يَصْطَلِحوا على ما زادَ على نَصيبِ الْمَفقودِ، واخْتارَه ابْنُ اللَّبَّانِ؛ لأنَّه لا يَخْرُجُ عنهم. وأنْكَرَ ذلك الوَنِّىُّ (٣٨)، وقالَ: لا فائِدَةَ فى أنْ يَنْقُصَ بَعْضُ الوَرَثَةِ عَمّا يَسْتَحِقُّه فى مَسْأَلَةِ الحياةِ،

الحواشي

(٣٤) سقط من: الأصل. نقل نظر.(٣٥) فى م: "وتمت".(٣٦) فى الأصل، أ، ب زيادة: "من".(٣٧) سقط من: أ.(٣٨) الحسين بن محمد الونى الفرضى الشافعى، كان متقدما فى علم الفرائض، له فيه تصانيف جيدة. قتل ببغداد، فى فتنة البساسيرى، سنة خمسين وأربعمائة. طبقات الشافعية الكبرى ٤/ ٣٧٤.

السابقمجلد 9 · صفحة 188التالي
السابق9·188التالي