ShamelaTranslate
بحث
تسجيل الدخول
ShamelaTranslate

© 2026 ShamelaTranslate. مشروع علمي مفتوح الوصول.

حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 9 · صفحة 241

الترجمة · EN

his share, and the remainder is for his mawla or his mawlah (12), according to the opinion of the majority of scholars. This has already been mentioned. If a man and his daughter emancipated a slave, then the father died and left his son and his daughter, his wealth is divided between them in thirds. Then, if the slave dies, the daughter receives half, because she is the mawlah of half of him, and the remainder belongs solely to the son of the emancipator, unless it is according to the weak narration, in which case the remainder is divided among them by three parts; the daughter receiving two-thirds, and her brother receiving one-third. If the daughter dies before the slave and leaves behind a son, then the slave dies, her son receives half, and the remainder belongs to her brother. If the daughter leaves behind only a daughter, the entire wala' belongs to her brother to the exclusion of her daughter, unless it is according to the other narration, in which case her daughter receives half, and the remainder belongs to her brother. If the son dies before the slave and leaves behind a daughter, then the slave dies and leaves behind the female emancipator of his half (13) and the daughter of his brother, then the female emancipator receives half of his wealth, and the remainder is for the public treasury. According to the other narration, she receives the half due to her emancipation, and half of the remainder; because she is the daughter of the emancipator of the half, and the remainder is for the 'asaba of her father (14). If the daughter had also died before the slave and left behind her son, then the slave dies, her son receives the half, and nothing goes to the daughter of her brother. If a woman emancipates her father, then her father emancipates a slave, then the father dies, followed by the slave, then both their estates belong to her. If her father left behind another daughter along with her, they both receive two-thirds of the father's wealth by lineage, and the remainder belongs to the female emancipator by wala', and the entire wealth of the slave belongs to the female emancipator to the exclusion of her sister. It is derived from the other narration that they would also share two-thirds of the slave's wealth, and the remainder would be for the female emancipator. If the father left behind a son along with the female emancipator, the father's wealth is divided between them in thirds by virtue of filiation, and the entire wealth of the slave belongs to the son to the exclusion of his sister, the female emancipator; because he inherits by lineage, and lineage is given precedence over wala' in inheritance. If the father left behind a brother, a paternal uncle, or a paternal cousin along with the daughter, the daughter receives half of her father's inheritance, and the remainder is for his 'asaba, and the wealth of the slave is for his 'asaba, and his daughter has no share in it; because the 'asaba by lineage is preferred over the emancipator in inheritance, except according to the narration of al-Khiraqi, where the daughter receives half of the slave's inheritance because she is the daughter of the emancipator, and the remainder is for his 'asaba. If a woman and her brother emancipate their father, then he emancipates...

الحواشي

(12) In the original and A: "li-mawlahatihi" (for his mawlah). (13) Omitted from: M. (14) In A and M: "ibnuha" (her son).

العربية (المصدر)

فَرْضَه، والباقى لِمَوْلاه أو مَوْلاتِه (١٢). فى قولِ جُمْهورِ العُلَماءِ. وقد سبقَ ذكرُ ذلك. رجلٌ وابْنَتُه، أعْتَقَا عبدًا، ثم مات الأبُ، وخلَّف ابْنَه وبِنْتَه، فمالُه بينهما أثلاثًا، ثم مات العبدُ، فللبنْتِ النِّصْفُ؛ لأنَّها مَوْلاةُ نِصْفِه، والباقى لابن المُعْتِقِ خاصَّةً، إلَّا على الروايةِ الضعيفةِ، فإنَّ الباقىَ يكونُ بينهما على ثلاثةٍ، فيكونُ للبنْتِ الثُّلُثانِ، ولأخيها الثُّلُثُ. وإن ماتت البنتُ قبلَ العَبْدِ، وخلَّفتِ ابنًا، ثم مات العبدُ، فلابْنِها النِّصْفُ، والباقى لأَخِيها. ولو لم تُخَلِّفِ البنتُ إلَّا بِنْتًا، كان الوَلاءُ كلُّه لأخِيها دُونَ بِنْتِها، إلَّا على الرِّوايةِ الأُخْرَى، فإنَّ لِبِنْتِها النِّصْفَ، والباقىَ لأخِيها. وإن مات الابنُ قبلَ العَبْدِ، وخلَّف بِنْتًا، ثم مات العبدُ، وخلَّفَ مُعْتقةَ نِصْفِه (١٣) وبنتَ أخِيها، فللمُعْتقَةِ نصف مالِه، وباقِيه لبيتِ المالِ. وعلى الرِّوايةِ الأُخْرى، لها النِّصْفُ بإعْتاقِها، ونِصْفُ الباقى؛ لأنَّها بنتُ مُعْتِقِ النِّصْفِ، والباقى لعَصَبةِ أبِيها (١٤). ولو كانت البنتُ ماتتْ أيضًا قبلَ العَبْدِ، وخلَّفت ابْنَها، ثم مات العبدُ، فلابنها النِّصْفُ، ولا شىءَ لبِنْتِ أخيها. امرأةٌ أعْتَقتْ أباها، ثم أعْتَقَ أبُوها عبدًا، ثم مات الأبُ، ثم العبدُ، فمالهُما لها. فإن كان أبُوها خَلَّفَ بِنْتًا أُخْرَى معها، فلهما ثُلُثَا مالِ الأبِ بالنَّسَبِ، والباقى للمُعْتِقةِ بالوَلاءِ، ومالُ العَبْدِ جَمِيعُه للمُعْتِقةِ دون أُخْتِها. ويتخرَّجُ على الرِّوايةِ الأُخْرَى، أن يكونَ لهما ثُلُثَا مالِ العبدِ أيضًا، وباقِيه للمُعْتِقَةِ. ولو كان الأبُ خَلَّفَ مع المُعْتِقَةِ ابْنًا، فمالُ الأبِ بينهما أثْلاثًا بالبُنُوَّةِ، ومالُ العبدِ كلُّه للابنِ دون أُخْتِه المُعْتِقَةِ؛ لأنَّه يَرِثُ بالنَّسَبِ، والنَّسَبُ مُقدَّمٌ على الوَلاءِ. ولو خلَّفَ الأبُ أخًا، أو عَمًّا، أو ابنَ عَمٍّ، مع البنتِ، فللبنتِ نِصْفُ ميراثِ أبيها، وباقيه لِعَصَبَتِه، ومالُ العَبْدِ لعَصَبَتِه، ولا شىءَ لبِنْتِه فيه؛ لأنَّ العَصَبةَ من النَّسَبِ مقدَّمٌ على المُعْتِقِ فى الميراثِ، إلَّا على روايةِ الْخِرَقِىِّ، فإنَّ للبنتِ نصفَ ميراثِ العَبْدِ، لكَوْنِها بنتَ المُعْتِقِ، وباقِيه لعَصَبتِه. امرأةٌ وأخوها، أعْتَقا أباهما، ثم أَعْتقَ

الحواشي

(١٢) فى الأصل، أ: "لمولاته".(١٣) سقط من: م.(١٤) فى أ، م: "ابنها".

السابقمجلد 9 · صفحة 241التالي
السابق9·241التالي