and her brother. Then her mawla died after her, and the woman's brother and her son came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) regarding his inheritance. He (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "His inheritance belongs to the woman's son." Her brother said: "O Messenger of Allah, if he committed a crime (jariyah), it would be upon me, and his inheritance goes to this one!" He said: "Yes." He also narrated (4) with his chain of transmission from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The mawla is a brother in religion, and the mawla of bounty is inherited by the person closest to the emancipator." Once this is established, if an emancipated woman dies and leaves behind her son and her brother or her brother's son, then her mawla dies, his inheritance belongs to her son. And if her son dies after her and before her mawla, and she left behind 'asaba, such as his paternal uncles and the sons of his paternal uncles, then the slave dies and leaves behind the brother of his female mawla and the 'asaba of her son, his inheritance belongs to the brother of his female mawla, because he is the closest 'asaba of the emancipator. For if the woman were the deceased, her brother and her 'asaba would inherit from her; if her 'asaba were extinct, the Public Treasury (Bayt al-Mal) would be more entitled to him than the 'asaba of her father. Something similar to this is narrated from 'Ali. This is the view of Aban ibn 'Uthman, Qabisah ibn Dhu'ayb, 'Ata', Tawus, al-Zuhri, Malik, al-Shafi'i, and the people of Iraq. Another narration is reported from 'Ali that it belongs to the 'asaba of the son. Something similar is narrated from 'Umar, Ibn 'Abbas, and Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, and this is the view of Shurayh. This returns to the principle that wala' is not inherited as property is inherited. Something similar to this has been narrated from Ahmad. They used as evidence that 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb narrated from his father, from his grandfather, that Riyab ibn Hudhayfah married a woman, and she bore him three boys. Their mother died, so they inherited the wala' of her mawali from her. 'Amr ibn al-'As was the 'asaba of her sons, so he took them out to al-Sham, where they died. Then 'Amr ibn al-'As arrived, and her mawla died and left property. Her brothers disputed with him before 'Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Whatever the parent and the child have acquired belongs to his 'asaba, whoever they may be." He said: And he wrote a document for him containing the testimony of 'Abd al-Rahman ibn
(3) Omitted from A. (4) We did not find it in the Musnad. It was narrated by al-Darimi in: Chapter on Wala', from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan al-Darimi 2/372. Al-Bayhaqi in: Chapter on the Wala' going to the senior among the 'asaba of the emancipator... from the Book of Wala'. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 10/304. And Sa'id ibn Mansur in: Chapter on the man who emancipates and then dies... al-Sunan 1/94. All of them from al-Zuhri as a mursal narration. (5) In A and M: "Ri'ab" with the hamza vocalized. The version established in the original is the one verified by al-Mundhiri. See: 'Awn al-Ma'bud Sharh Sunan Abi Dawud 3/87. In Sunan Ibn Majah: "Rabab".
لها (٣) وأخاها. ثم تُوُفِّىَ مَوْلاها من بَعْدِها، فأتَى أخو المرأةِ وابنُها رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فى ميراثِه، فقال عليه السلام: "مِيرَاثُه لِابنِ الْمَرْأَةِ". فقال أخوها: يا رسولَ اللَّه، لو جَرَّ جَرِيرةً كانت علىَّ، ويكون مِيراثُه لهذا! قال: "نَعَمْ". ورَوى (٤) بإسْناده عن سعيد بن المُسَيَّبِ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "الْمَوْلَى أخٌ فِى الدِّينِ، ومَوْلَى النِّعْمةِ يَرِثُهُ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بالمُعْتِقِ". إذا ثَبَتَ هذا فإنَّ المُعْتقَةَ إذا ماتتْ وخَلَّفَت ابْنَها وأخاها أو ابنَ أخِيها، ثم مات مَوْلَاها، فمِيراثُه لابْنِها، وإن مات ابْنُها بعدَها وقبلَ مَوْلاها، وتَرَكت عَصَبةً، كأعْمامِه وبَنِى أعْمامِه، ثم مات العبدُ، وتركَ أخا مَوْلاتِه وعَصَبةَ ابْنِها، فمِيراثُه لأخِى مَوْلاتِه؛ لأنَّه أقْرَبُ عَصَبةِ المُعْتِقِ، فإنَّ المرأةَ لو كانت هى الْمَيِّتةَ، لوَرِثَها أخوها وعَصَبَتُها، فإن انْقَرضَ عَصَبتُها، كان بيتُ المالِ أحَقَّ به من عَصَبةِ أبيها، يُرْوَى نحوُ هذا عن علىٍّ. وبه قال أَبانُ بن عثمانَ، وقَبيصةُ بن ذُؤَيبٍ، وعطاءٌ، وطاوسٌ، والزُّهْرِىُّ، ومالكٌ، والشَّافعىُّ، وأهلُ العراقِ. ورُوِىَ عن علىٍّ روايةٌ أُخْرَى، أنَّه لِعَصَبةِ الابْنِ. ورُوِىَ نحوُ ذلك عن عمرَ، وابنِ عباسٍ، وسعيدِ بن المُسَيَّبِ، وبه قال شُرَيحٌ. وهذا يَرْجِعُ إلى أَنَّ الوَلاءَ لا يُورَثُ كما يُورَثُ المالُ. وقد رُوِىَ عن أحمدَ نحوُ هذا. واحْتَجُّوا بأنَّ عَمْرَو بن شُعَيبٍ رَوَى عن أبِيه، عن جَدِّه، أن رِيَابَ (٥) بن حُذَيفْةَ، تزَوَّجَ امرأةً، فولَدَتْ له ثلاثةَ غِلْمةٍ، فماتت أمُّهم، فوَرِثُوا عنها ولاءَ مَوالِيها، وكان عمرُو بن العاص عَصَبةَ بَنِيها، فأخْرَجَهُم إلى الشَّامِ، فماتوا، فقَدِمَ عمرُو بن العاصِ، ومات مَوْلاها، وتَرَكَ مالًا، فخاصَمه إخْوَتُها إلى عمرَ، فقال: قال رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "ما أحْرَزَ الْوَالِدُ والوَلَدُ، فَهُوَ لِعَصَبَتِهِ مَنْ كَانَ". قال: وكَتَبَ له كتابًا فيه شهادةُ عبدِ الرحمنِ بن
(٣) سقط من: أ.(٤) لم نجده فى المسند: وأخرجه الدارمى، فى: باب الولاء، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٣٧٢. والبيهقى، فى: باب الولاء للكبر من عصبة المعتق. . .، من كتاب الولاء. السنن الكبرى ١٠/ ٣٠٤. وسعيد بن منصور، فى: باب الرجل يعتق فيموت. . .، السنن ١/ ٩٤. كلهم عن الزهرى مرسلا.(٥) فى أ، م: "رئاب" بتحقيق الهمزة. والمثبت فى الأصل، وهو ضبط المنذرى. انظر: عون المعبود شرح سنن أبى داود ٣/ ٨٧. وفى سنن ابن ماجه: "رباب".
