like the rest of the 'aqilah (those liable for blood money), for he did not bestow a favor upon him, yet they pay blood money for him. This is invalidated by the fact that if a person pays the debt of another, he has incurred a financial loss for his sake, yet he does not pay blood money for him (11).
Section: If a man embraces Islam at the hands of another man, he does not inherit from him by virtue of that, according to the opinion of the general body of scholars, including al-Hasan, al-Sha'bi, Malik, al-Shafi'i, and the jurists of the school of opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y). Another narration has been reported from Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, that he does inherit from him, and this is the opinion of Ishaq. It was narrated from Ibrahim that he has his wala' (patronage) and pays blood money for him. From Ibn al-Musayyib: If he pays blood money for him, he inherits from him; if he does not pay blood money for him, he does not inherit from him. From 'Umar ibn al-Khattab and 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz, may Allah be pleased with both of them, that he inherits from him even if he did not contract patronage (muwalah) with him, based on what Rashid ibn Sa'd narrated, saying: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever a man embraces Islam at his hands, he is his mawla (patron); he inherits from him and pays blood money for him." Sa'id narrated it (12), and he also said (12): 'Isa ibn Yunus narrated to us, [saying] Mu'awiyah ibn Yahya al-Sadafi narrated to us, from al-Qasim al-Shami, from Abu Umamah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever a man embraces Islam at his hands, he has his wala'." He also narrated (13) with his chain of narration from Tamim al-Dari that he said: O Messenger of Allah, what is the sunnah regarding a man who embraces Islam at the hands of a man from the Muslims? He said: "He is the most entitled of people to him in his life and his death." It was recorded by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi (14), who said: I do not think it is continuous (muttasil). Our evidence is the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "Wala' belongs only to the one who emancipated" (15). Also, because the causes of inheritance are
(11) Omitted from M. (12) In: The Chapter on he who embraces Islam [claiming] inheritance before it is divided, al-Sunan 1/78. (13) In the previous chapter, the previous location. (14) Recorded by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on the man who embraces Islam at the hands of another man, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/115. And al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on what has been narrated concerning the inheritance of one who embraces Islam at the hands of another man, from the Chapters of Inheritance. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 8/265. It was also recorded by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on if he embraces Islam at his hands, from the Book of Inheritance. Sahih al-Bukhari 8/192 (abridged). And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on the man who embraces Islam at the hands of another man, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/919. And al-Darimi, in: The Chapter on the man who contracts patronage (muwalah) with another man, from the Book of Inheritance. Sunan al-Darimi 2/377. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 4/102, 103. (15) Its documentation was previously cited in: 8/359.
كسائرِ العاقِلةِ، فإنَّه لم يُنْعِمْ عليه ويَعْقِلُون عنه، ويَنْتَقِضُ بما إذا قَضَى إنسانٌ دَيْنَ آخرَ، فقد غَرمَ عنه، ولا يَعْقِلُ عنه (١١).
فصل: فإنَّ أسْلَمَ الرجلُ على يَدَىِ الرَّجُلِ، لم يَرِثْه بذلك. فى قولِ عامَّةِ أهلِ العلمِ، منهم الحسنُ، والشَّعْبىُّ، ومالكٌ، والشافعىُّ، وأصحابُ الرَّأْىِ. وقد رُوِىَ عن أحمدَ، رَحِمَه اللَّه، رِوايةٌ أُخْرَى، أنَّه يَرِثُه. وهو قولُ إسحاقَ. وحُكِىَ عن إبراهيمَ أَنَّ له وَلاءَه ويَعْقِلُ عنه. وعن ابن المُسَيَّبِ: إن عَقَلَ عنه وَرِثَهُ، وإن لم يَعْقِلْ عنه لم يَرِثْه. وعن عمرَ ابن الخطَّابِ، وعمرَ بن عبدِ العزيزِ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنْهُمَا، أنَّه يَرِثُه وإن لم يُوالِه؛ لما رَوَى راشدُ بن سعدٍ، قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "مَنْ أسْلَمَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ رَجُلٌ، فَهُوَ مَوْلَاهُ، يَرِثُهُ وَيِدى عَنْهُ". روَاه سعيدٌ (١٢)، وقال أيضًا (١٢): حدَّثنا عيسى بن يُونُسَ، ثنا معاويةُ ابن يحيى الصَّدَفىُّ، عن القاسمِ الشّامِىِّ، عن أبى أُمامةَ، قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "مَنْ أسْلَمَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ رَجلٌ، فَلَهُ وَلَاؤُهُ". وروَى (١٣) بإسْناده عن تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِىِّ، أنَّه قال: يا رسولَ اللَّه، ما السنةُ فى الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ على يَدَىِ الرجلِ من المسلمين؟ فقال: "هُوَ أوْلَى النَّاسِ بِمَحْيَاهُ ومَمَاتِهِ". رواه أبو داود والترمذىُّ (١٤)، وقال: لا أظُنُّه مُتَّصِلًا. ولَنا، قولُ النبىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "إنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لمَنْ أعْتَقَ" (١٥). ولأنَّ أسبابَ التَّوارُثِ
(١١) سقط من: م.(١٢) فى: باب من أسلم على الميراث قبل أن يقسم، السنن ١/ ٧٨.(١٣) فى الباب السابق، الموضع السابق.(١٤) أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى الرجل يسلم على يدى الرجل، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ١١٥. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى ميراث الذى يسلم على يدى الرجل، من أبواب الفرائض. عارضة الأحوذى ٨/ ٢٦٥.كما أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب إذا أسلم على يديه، من كتاب الفرائض. صحيح البخارى ٨/ ١٩٢ مختصرًا. وابن ماجه، فى: باب الرجل يسلم على يدى الرجل، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٩١٩. والدارمى، فى: باب فى الرجل يوالى الرجل، من كتاب الفرائض. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٣٧٧. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٤/ ١٠٢، ١٠٣.(١٥) تقدم تخريجه فى: ٨/ ٣٥٩.
