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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 9 · صفحة 326١٠٩٣ - مسألة؛ قال: (وسهم فى سبيل الله، وهم الغزاة يعطون ما يشترون به الدواب والسلاح، وما يتقوون به على العدو، وإن كانوا أغنياء)

الترجمة · EN

By authorizing him. It is possible that this is interpreted as a recommendation, and that its payment on his behalf is permissible. If the one paying the Zakat is the Imam, it is permissible for him to settle his debt with it without his authorization, because the Imam has authority over him regarding the fulfillment of debt; this is why he forces him to pay it if he refuses. If a man claims that he has a debt, if he claims it from the perspective of reconciling between people, then the matter is clear and hardly hidden. If it is hidden, it is not accepted from him except with evidence. If he incurred the debt for his own interest, it is not paid to him except with evidence as well, because the original state is the absence of debt and the freedom of liability. If the creditor confirms him, there are two views, as in the case of the mukatab (contracted slave) when his master confirms him.

1093 - Issue: He said: (And a share in the way of Allah, and they are the warriors who are given what they use to purchase beasts of burden and weapons, and what they gain strength with against the enemy, even if they are wealthy.)

This is the seventh category of the people of Zakat. There is no disagreement regarding their entitlement and the continuation of its ruling. There is no disagreement that they are the warriors in the way of Allah; for "the way of Allah" in an absolute sense is warfare. Allah the Almighty said: {And fight in the way of Allah}. And He said: {And strive in the way of Allah}. And He said: {Indeed, Allah loves those who fight in His way in a row}. He mentioned this in more than one place in His Book. Once this is established, they are to be given [Zakat] even if they are wealthy. This is the opinion of Malik, al-Shafi'i, Ishaq, Abu Thawr, Abu 'Ubayd, and Ibn al-Mundhir. Abu Hanifah and his two companions said: It is not to be paid except to a poor person. They said the same regarding the debtor for the reconciliation between people, because whoever is obligated to pay Zakat, it is not lawful for him to receive it, like the rest of the categories, and because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to Mu'adh: "Inform them that they have a charity that is taken from their wealthy and returned to their poor." The apparent implication of this

الحواشي

(1) In M: "yunfiqun" (they spend). (2) Surah al-Baqarah 244. (3) Surah al-Saff 11. In the manuscripts: "wa yujahiduna fi sabilihi" (and strive in His way) which is an error. (4) Surah al-Saff 4. (5) Its documentation has previously appeared in: 1/275, 4/5.

العربية (المصدر)

بتَوْكِيلِه. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يُحْمَلَ هذا على الاسْتِحْبابِ، ويكونُ قضاؤُه عنه جائزًا. وإن كان دافعُ الزكاةِ الإِمامَ، جاز أن يَقْضِىَ بها دَيْنَه من غيرِ تَوْكِيلِه؛ لأنَّ للإِمامِ ولايةً عليه فى إيفاءِ الدَّيْنِ، ولهذا يُجْبِرُه عليه إذا امْتَنَعَ منه. وإذا ادّعَى الرَّجلُ أَنَّ عليه دَيْنًا، فإن كان يَدَّعِيه من جِهَةِ إصْلاحِ ذات البَيْن، فالأمرُ فيه ظاهرٌ لا يكادُ يَخْفَى، فإنْ خَفِىَ ذلك، لم يُقْبَلْ منه إلَّا بِبَيِّنةٍ، وإن غَرِمَ لمَصلحةِ نَفْسِه، لم يُدْفَعْ إليه إلَّا ببَيِّنةٍ أيضًا؛ لأنَّ الأصلَ عَدَمُ الغُرْمِ، وَبراءةُ الذِّمَّةِ. فإن صَدَّقَه الغَرِيمُ، فعلى وَجْهَيْنِ، كالمُكاتَبِ إذا صَدَّقَه سَيِّدُه.

١٠٩٣ - مسألة؛ قال: (وسَهْمٌ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، وَهُمُ الْغزَاةُ يُعْطَوْنَ مَا يَشْتَرُون بِهِ الدَّوَابَّ والسِّلَاحَ، ومَا يَتَقَوَّوْنَ (١) بِهِ على العَدُوِّ، وَإنْ كَانُوا أغْنِيَاءَ)

هذا الصِّنْفُ السَّابِعُ من أهلِ الزَّكاةِ. ولا خلافَ فى اسْتِحقاقِهِم، وبَقاءِ حُكْمِهِم. ولا خلافَ فى أنَّهم الغُزاةُ فى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ؛ لأنَّ سبيلَ اللَّه عندَ الإِطْلاقِ هو الغَزْوُ، قال اللَّه تعالى: {وَقَاتِلُوا فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ} (٢). وقال: {وَتُجَاهِدُونَ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ} (٣). وقال: {إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَ فِى سَبِيلِهِ صَفًّا} (٤). وذكر ذلك فى غيرِ موضعٍ من كتابِه، فإذا تَقَرَّرَ هذا، فإنَّهم يُعْطَوْنَ وإن كانوا أغْنِياءَ. وبهذا قال مالكٌ، والشافعىُّ، وإسْحاقُ، وأبو ثَوْرٍ، وأبو عُبَيْدٍ، وابنُ المُنْذِرِ. وقال أبو حنيفةَ وصاحِبَاه: لا تُدْفَعُ إلَّا إلى فَقيرٍ. وكذلك قالوا فى الغارِمِ لإِصْلاحِ ذات البَيْنِ؛ لأنَّ من تجبُ عليه الزَّكاةُ لا تَحِلُّ له، كسائرِ أصْحابِ السُّهْمان، ولأنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال لمُعاذٍ: "أعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أغْنِيائِهِم، فَتُرَدُّ فِى فُقَرائِهِمْ" (٥). فظاهرُ هذا

الحواشي

(١) فى م: "ينفقون".(٢) سورة البقرة ٢٤٤.(٣) سورة الصف ١١. وفى النسخ: "ويجاهدون فى سبيله" خطأ.(٤) سورة الصف ٤.(٥) تقدم تخريجه فى: ١/ ٢٧٥، ٤/ ٥.

السابقمجلد 9 · صفحة 326التالي
السابق9·326التالي