and giving it to them, while He, Glory be to Him, is the One who said: {And has not placed upon you in the religion any difficulty.} He also said: {Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship.} And He said: {Allah does not charge a soul except [with that within] its capacity.} I suspect that the one who claims it is mandatory to pay it in this manner only says so with his tongue, [and does not practice it], nor is he capable of practicing it. It has not reached us that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did this in any of the charities, nor did any of his Caliphs, nor his companions, nor others. Had this been the obligation in the purified Sharia, they would not have overlooked it. If they had practiced it despite its difficulty, it would have been transmitted and not neglected; for it is not permissible for those who transmit via mutawatir (mass-transmitted reports) to neglect the transmission of what there is a need to transmit, especially given the multitude of those upon whom Zakat is obligatory, and the existence of that in every time, in every city and country. This is a manifest matter, and this issue and the discussion regarding it have already preceded in what has passed.
Section: It is recommended to distribute it among as many categories as possible, to avoid the disagreement, and to generalize to as many as possible from each category. If the one responsible for its distribution is the collector (sa'i), it is recommended to enumerate those entitled to shares within his jurisdiction, so that his task of collecting the charities is completed only after finalizing their names, lineages, needs, and the amount of their sufficiency, so that his distribution takes place immediately after the collection of the charity. He begins by giving the worker (amil); because he takes it by way of compensation, so his entitlement is
(9) Surah al-Hajj: 78. (10) Surah al-Baqarah: 185. (11) Surah al-Baqarah: 286. (12) Omitted from M. (13) In the original, A, and B: "wa-kull" (and every). (14) In A: "'asr" (era). (15) The conjunction "wa" (and) is omitted from M. (16) In 4/127-131. (17) In B and M: "taqdimuha" (prioritizing it). (18) In B: "ma" (what).
وإعطاءَهم، وهو سبحانه القائلُ: {وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ مِنْ حَرَجٍ} (٩). وقال: {يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ} (١٠). وقال: {لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا} (١١). وأظُنُّ مَنْ قال بوُجوبِ دَفعِها على هذا الوَجْه إنَّما يقولُه بلِسانِه، [ولا يفْعَلُه] (١٢)، ولا يَقْدِرُ على فِعْلِه، وما بَلَغنا أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فَعَلَ هذا فى صَدَقةٍ من الصَّدقاتِ، ولا أحدًا من خُلَفائِه، ولا من صحابَتِه، ولا غيرِهم، ولو كان هذا هو الواجبَ فى الشريعةِ المُطَهَّرةِ لما أَغْفَلُوه، ولو فَعَلُوه مع مَشَقّتِه لنُقِلَ وما أُهْمِلَ، إذ لا يجوزُ على أهلِ التَّواتُرِ إهْمالُ نَقْلِ ما تَدْعُو الحاجةُ إلى نَقْلِه، سِيَّما مع كثرةِ مَنْ تَجِبُ عليه الزكاةُ، ووُجودِ ذلك فى كلِّ زمانٍ، وفى كلِّ (١٣) مصرٍ (١٤) وبلدٍ، وهذا أمرٌ ظاهرٌ، وقد سَبَقَتْ هذه المسألةُ والكلامُ (١٥) فيها فيما تقدَّم (١٦).
فصل: ويُسْتَحَبُّ تَفْرِيقُها (١٧) على ما أمْكَنَ الأصْنافِ، ليَخرُجَ من الخلافِ، وتَعْمِيمُ مَنْ (١٨) أمْكَنَ مِنْ كلِّ صِنْفٍ. فإن كان المُتَوَلِّى لتَفْرِيقِها السَّاعِى، اسْتُحِبَّ إحصاءُ أهلِ السُّهْمان من عَمَلِه، حتى يكونَ فَراغُه من قَبْضِ الصَّدقاتِ بعد تَناهِى أسْمائِهِم، وأنْسابِهِم، وحاجاتِهِم، وقَدْر كِفاياتِهِم، لتكونَ تَفْرِقَتُه عَقِيبَ جَمْعِ الصَّدَقةِ. ويَبْدَأُ بإعطاءِ العاملِ؛ لأنَّه يأخُذُه على طريقِ المُعاوضةِ، فكان اسْتِحقاقُه
(٩) سورة الحج ٧٨.(١٠) سورة البقرة ١٨٥.(١١) سورة البقرة ٢٨٦.(١٢) سقط من: م.(١٣) فى الأصل، أ، ب: "وكل".(١٤) فى أ: "عصر".(١٥) سقطت الواو من: م.(١٦) فى: ٤/ ١٢٧ - ١٣١.(١٧) فى ب، م: "تقديمها".(١٨) فى ب: "ما".